background: cytomegalovirus (cmv), a problematic virus in solid organ transplant recipients (sotr) such as liver, can worsen overall mortality and transplant outcome, so its prevention and treatment is a key of success in such patients. this study is aimed to compare the efficacy of ganciclovir (gcv) and valganciclovir (vgc) for prevention and treatment of infection with cmv. materials and meth...

background & aim: st john's wort (hypericum perforatum l.) contains hypericin and hyperforin as the main components of the extract that binds with gaba and sigma opioid receptors. this herb has many pharmacological effects, including analgesic, sedative, soothing, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, anti-depressant, and anti-bacteria. in this study examined the effect of two concentrations of hy...

introduction: during hemorrhagic shock (hs), the kidneys are one of the primary target organs involved. oxidative stress is shown to be enhanced in different models of acute kidney injury (aki). remote ischemic preconditioning (rpc) by brief limb ischemia is considered to be a safe method to protect different organs from further damage. in this study, we investigated the effects of brief hind l...

objective(s):  the field of nanotechnology is rapidly expanding .the development quantum dots quantum dot (qds), show great promise for treatment and diagnosis of cancer and targeted drug delivery little data on the toxicity of qds, especially for in vivo applications, are available. as a result, concerns exist over their toxicity for in vivo applications. then, cytotoxic effects of cadmium sel...

is the fourth most common in respect of the frequency of occurrence (the morbidity index is about 8 in 100,000). All together every year about 20,000 new cases of the disease are recorded, and at the same time about 18,000 people die of lung cancer (in 1990 the number of deaths amounted to 19,301, and in 1998 to about 17,000 with the average death rate of 44.2).1,2 The main causes of death in p...

In several recent conferences, the principal questions have been whether xenotransplantation technology should be encouraged and, if so, how it should be regulated. Because the prospect of successful transplantation of animal organs into humans is still remote, the rush to achieve consensus about clinical application would be inexplicable were it not for two ostensibly unrelated issues. The fir...

Aside from the many metabolic and synthetic functions of the liver, it also plays a crucial part in the maintenance of other organ systems. This is why any alterations in its functions, such as in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension can result in detrimental effects on the major organs and tissues remote from the liver such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Although liver diseases can affec...

Over the last quarter of a century, a huge effort has been made to develop interventions that can minimise ischaemia reperfusion injury. The most potent of these are the ischaemic conditioning strategies, which comprise ischaemic preconditioning, remote ischaemic preconditioning and ischaemic postconditioning. While much of the focus for these interventions has been on protecting the myocardium...

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a technique where the application of short, repetitive limb intervals of ischemia and reperfusion would result in the condition of the heart as well as other organs to tolerate the ischemic reperfusion injury. Many research groups are interested in investigating the mediators, through which this technique works. Many mediators have been suggested to med...

BACKGROUND The acute kidney injury (AKI) may do damage to remote organs. Objective of the study is to investigate effect of seaweed extract (SE) on brain oxidative damage in kidney ischemia/reperfusion rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals were randomly divided into five groups. SE pre-fed to rats. RESULTS Kidney I/R may cause oxidative injury in kidneys and brains tissue in rats. SE pre-treat...