Two citrus rootstocks, Rangpur lime (RL) and Sunki Maravilha mandarin (SM), were analyzed either ungrafted or grafted with their reciprocal graft combinations or with shoot scions of two commercial citrus varieties: Valencia orange (VO) and Tahiti acid lime (TAL). All graft combinations were subjected to distinct watering regimes: well-watered, severe drought and rehydration. Growth and water r...

There is much evidence that humans and other animals utilize a combination of model-based and model-free RL methods. Although it has been proposed that these systems may dominate according to their relative statistical efficiency in different circumstances, there is little specific evidence — especially in humans — as to the details of this trade-off. Accordingly, we examine the relative perfor...

In order to assess the influence of breed on the vertebral heart scale (VHS) of dogs, the VHS was measured and compared in left to right (LL) and right to left lateral (RL) views. For all dogs (n=56), the mean VHS on the RL radiographs [9.7 vertebra (v)] was significantly larger than the mean VHS on the LL radiographs (9.6 v) (p=0.047). Doberman dogs had higher mean values of the VHS in LL (9.9...

The rolled (rl) gene of Drosophila encodes a homologue of vertebrate mitogen-activated protein kinases. Genetic analyses have shown that the gain-of-function mutation rolledSevenmaker (rlSem) is sufficient to activate developmental pathways controlled by distinct receptor tyrosine kinases, such as Sevenless, Torso, and the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor homologue. Here we show that...

We determined how postnatal maturation affects the relative contributions of airways and lung parenchyma to pulmonary resistance (RL) and whether there are developmental differences in their respective responses to constrictive agents. We studied open-chest ventilated anesthetized piglets of three ages: 2-4 days, 2-3 wk, and 10 wk. RL as partitioned into tissue (Rti) and airway (Raw) resistance...

in order to assess the influence of breed on the vertebral heart scale (vhs) of dogs, the vhs was measured and compared in left to right (ll) and right to left lateral (rl) views. for all dogs (n=56), the mean vhs on the rl radiographs [9.7 vertebra (v)] was significantly larger than the mean vhs on the ll radiographs (9.6 v) (p=0.047). doberman dogs had higher mean values of the vhs in ll (9.9...

Spatial clustering has important implications in various fields. In particular, disease clustering is of major public concern in epidemiology. In this article, we propose the use of two distance-based segregation indices to test the significance of disease clustering among subjects whose locations are from a homogeneous or an inhomogeneous population. We derive the asymptotic distributions of t...