researching the domain of competitive advantage, are carried out at the levels of entity or industry. but a broader perceptive which is the investigation of competitive advantage at national level and more comprehensive level has been rarely taken into account by researchers. to solve this problem, in this article, relying on a efficiency – oriented approach and paying attention to the inputs o...

There is a considerable amount of controversy about the model(s) of comparative advantage and its applicability to international business, in particular as a guide to the success of nations and/or firms in international markets. This perception (or understanding) of inapplicability of the model(s) of comparative advantage has lead international business experts to develop new models, or what ma...