Genomes and genes diversify during evolution; however, it is unclear to what extent genes still retain the relationship among species. Model species for molecular phylogenetic studies include yeasts and viruses whose genomes were sequenced as well as plants that have the fossil-supported true phylogenetic trees available. In this study, we generated single gene trees of seven yeast species as w...

A new tree automata framework, called equational tree automata, is presented. In the newly introduced setting, congruence closures of recognizable tree languages are recognizable. Furthermore, we prove that in certain useful cases, recognizable tree languages are closed under union and intersection. To compare with early related work, e.g. [7], we discuss the relationship between linear bounded...

Forest pest damage is expected to increase with global change. Tree diversity could mitigate this impact, but unambiguous demonstration of the diversity-resistance relationship is lacking in semi-natural mature forests. We used a network of 208 forest plots sampled along two orthogonal gradients of increasing tree species richness and latitudes to assess total tree defoliation in Europe. We fou...

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is known as a vital ecosystem service, resulting from interactions of ecological processes. It important for its contributions to food production, mitigation, and adaptation climate change. In this study, we investigated the relationship between tree density trunk circumference with soil chemical properties in small line area located Józsefmajor, Hungary. The interrela...

Soil moisture is very important for the growth of fruit trees. Nutrients are dissolved in water, and flow water drives transport solutes, so that they can be absorbed utilized by crops.