When electricity becomes deregulated the price of electricity is not determined by a regulatory authority but by market demand and supply conditions. Electricity cannot be stored and needs to be produced at the same rate at which it is produced. Thus, if any of the cheaper generating units fails a more expensive unit needs to be brought into operation in order to meet the demand. This increased...

This article sheds the light on historical review of the clinical trials regulatory process to the publication of the Clinical Trials Regulation in Peru, by Supreme Decree 017-2006-SA. In this context, that Regulation was amended within one year, with many critics including from the Ombudsman. It also considers the achievements as a regulatory authority that has strengthened its steering and it...

The question of the most effective order of reforming state-owned industries has been hotly debated over the years. In the early 1990s, many western advisers encouraged Eastern European countries and the former Soviet Union to privatize firms quickly under the assumption that market institutions would develop once firms were privately owned. Thinking since then has emphasized the importance of ...

OBJECTIVE To identify gaps in the systems for reporting adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Europe by means of an interactive database constructed using a standardized approach. METHODS A comparative survey was conducted in 1999-2000, using structured questionnaires addressed to the government authorities responsible for national immunization programmes and drug safety surveillanc...

Telecommunications privatization, competition, liberalization, and regulatory independence in several countries have been embarked with the goals of maximizing universal access to telecommunications services as a developmental goal, promoting efficiency through competition and establishment of world class telecommunications networks. Using interview data from India and China –the two countrie...

It is an issue that is both important and timely. Important, because we need to ensure that arrangements for the pursuit of price stability do not inadvertently endanger the stability of the financial system. And we need to ensure that financial system weaknesses do not impede the effective operation of monetary policy. Timely, because the new Basel Capital Accord is focussing additional attent...

Part 1 of this study sequence developed a human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) based classification system (termed HFACS-MA) for safety audit findings and proved its measurement reliability. In Part 2, we used the human error categories of HFACS-MA as predictors of future safety performance. Audit records and monthly safety incident reports from two airlines submitted to their regulatory authority w...

BACKGROUND A database for studies used for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide and chemical reviews would be an excellent resource for increasing transparency and improving systematic assessments of pesticides and chemicals. There is increased demand for disclosure of raw data from studies used by the U.S. EPA in these reviews. OBJECTIVES Because the Information Quality Act (...

The Supreme Court's recent decisions in United States v. Lopez and United States v. Morrison articulate a vision of federalism under which Congress's regulatory authority under the Commerce Clause is severely limited in favor of returning traditional areas of state concern, particularly criminal law enforcement, to local or state control. The Court's decisions in these cases coincide with ball...

AIM To present the activities of the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices in the first 5 years of its existence and to define its future challenges. METHODS Main activities within the scope of the Agency as a regulatory authority were retrospectively analyzed for the period from 2004-2008. Data were collected from the Agency's database and analyzed by descriptive statistics. RE...