Ghanaians have expressed worries about the commitment of teachers at public pre-tertiary schools, which has resulted in falling educational standards country. highlighted poor supervision as primary cause teachers' commitment, resulting students’ academic performance external examination. The present study examined supervisory styles and teacher senior high schools. Using three schools a Munici...

T paper studies the impact of strategic customer behavior on supply chain performance. We start with a newsvendor seller facing forward-looking customers. The seller initially charges a regular price but may salvage the leftover inventory at a lower salvage price after random demand is realized. Customers anticipate future sales and choose purchase timing to maximize their expected surplus. We ...

let $r$ be an associative ring with identity. an element $x in r$ is called $mathbb{z}g$-regular (resp. strongly $mathbb{z}g$-regular) if there exist $g in g$, $n in mathbb{z}$ and $r in r$ such that $x^{ng}=x^{ng}rx^{ng}$ (resp. $x^{ng}=x^{(n+1)g}$). a ring $r$ is called $mathbb{z}g$-regular (resp. strongly $mathbb{z}g$-regular) if every element of $r$ is $mathbb{z}g$-regular (resp. strongly $...

Studies have shown that nearly two-thirds of all software process improvement (SPI) efforts have failed or at least fell short of expectations. Commitment has been argued to play an important role in determining the outcome of an SPI endeavor. This paper reports preliminary results from a study that attempts to explicate commitment process in SPI. Four SPI efforts were studied in two different ...

Economic reconstruction typically takes place after the end of war. Yet recently, economic reconstruction has been viewed as a means to ‘win hearts and minds’ during ongoing conflict. Drawing on a variety of reconstruction experiences from Afghanistan and Iraq, we identify four ‘reconstruction traps’ that result from the incentives and constraints faced by actors involved in economic reconstruc...

SOBA is an approach to election verification that provides observers with justifiably high confidence that the reported results of an election are consistent with an audit trail (“ballots”), which can be paper or electronic. SOBA combines three ideas: (1) publishing cast vote records (CVRs) separately for each contest, so that anyone can verify that each reported contest outcome is correct, if ...

This paper considers a simple stochastic model of international trade with three countries. Two of the tree countries are in an economic union. Comparisons are made between equilibrium welfare for these two countries under fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes. Within the model it is shown that flexible exchange rate regimes generate greater welfare. However, we then consider comparisons of ...

Article history: Received 13 June 2015 Accepted 5 August 2015 Available online 12 August 2015

We study the question whether the number of rounds in public-coin perfect zero-knowledge (PZK) proofs can be collapsed to a constant. Despite extensive research into the round complexity of interactive and zero-knowledge protocols, there is no indication how to address this question. Furthermore, the main tool to tackle this question is instance-dependent commitments, but currently such schemes...