the hospital, for whatever reason. • Human resources: both the number of people required (capacity) and the skills required (competence). • Quality: measuring and ensuring high quality clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. • Operating efficiency: ensuring that scarce resources are optimally used. • Financial viability: pricing to ensure affordability, and putting in place revenue and cost...

BACKGROUND Refractive error is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in children. An analysis of risk factors for refractive error is required to reduce and prevent this common eye disease. OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors associated with refractive errors in primary school children (6-12 year old) in Nakhon Pathom province. MATERIAL AND METHOD A population-based cross-sectio...

PURPOSE To study the relationships between the refractive power of the crystalline lens, overall refractive error of the eye, and degree of nuclear cataract. METHODS All phakic participants of the population-based Central India Eye and Medical Study with an age of 50+ years were included. Calculation of the refractive lens power was based on distance noncycloplegic refractive error, corneal r...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of distance refractive error among Aboriginal people attending eye clinics in remote South Australia. METHODS A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted that involved opportunistic sampling of Aboriginal people attending eye clinics in remote South Australia. There were 189 individuals who were invited to participate in the study all of whom underwe...

Previous investigations have reported considerable individual differences in the resting point of accommodation. Recent independent studies in Davis, Calif., and Cardiff, Wales, indicate that part of these variations are related to refractive errors. The average dioptric value of the resting point of accommodation is lowest for corrected myopes, highest for corrected hyperopes, and intermediate...

BACKGROUND Identifying and assessing retinal nerve fiber layer defects are important for diagnosing and managing glaucoma. We aimed to investigate the effect of refractive correction error on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 68 participants: 32 healthy (normal) and 36 glauc...

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Vision screening study in primary school children has not been done in Bayelsa State. This study aims to screen for refractive error among primary school children in Bayelsa State and use the data to plan for school Eye Health Program. METHODS A cross sectional study on screening for refractive error in school children was carried out in Yenagoa Local Government Are...

purpose: to compare the refractive results of penetrating keratoplasty (pk) in two groups of patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting with different amounts of donor-recipient disparity (0.25 and 0.5 mm). methods: as a randomized clinical trial and after performing a complete ocular examination and vitreous length measurement, 30 patients with keratoconus were randomly assigned in ...