A healthy 13-year-old female was found to have no roots on the maxillary left second premolar and permanent first and second molars. Her history included chronic sinus infections treated with maxillary sinus curettage at approximately 4 years of age. The infection, or more likely the trauma associated with the surgery, may have caused agenesis of the roots. Other causes of rootless teeth such a...

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a sporadic (not inherited) developmental defect involving only a few contiguous teeth in a small region of the jaw; developmentally it involves both mesodermal and ectodermal dental components. It affects the primary and permanent dentition in the maxilla and mandible or both jaws. Generally it is localized to only one arch. The etiology of this dental anomaly i...

Transparently documenting who and why a person is an author of a clinical trial report, as with any other article, is important since it allows research team members appropriate recognition and also likely helps reduce or avoid problems such as ghost authorship. Marušić and colleagues have previously proposed a five-step framework for attributing authorship of pharmaceutical company-sponsored c...

The most common root malformations in humans arise from either developmental disorders of the root alone or disorders of radicular development as part of a general tooth dysplasia. The aim of this review is to relate the characteristics of these root malformations to potentially disrupted processes involved in radicular morphogenesis. Radicular morphogenesis proceeds under the control of Hertwi...

The authors are on the editorial team of Open Medicine. G host authorship occurs when someone makes a significant contribution to a manuscript without due acknowledgement of their role. Guest authorship , in contrast, occurs when an individual is named as an author of a manuscript when they do not meet authorship criteria. Both are disturbingly common. 1 The preliminary results of a recent surv...

This paper aims to present both intraosseous and extraosseous variant of dentinogenic ghost cell tumor as well as a review of the literature. An 11-year old female patient presented a swelling and pain in the molar area of the mandible and a 15-year-old female patient reported a complaint of swelling in the right vestibular region of teeth 12 and 13(FDI 2-digit classification system). Microscop...

We define a ghost D-brane in superstring theories as an object that cancels the effects of an ordinary D-brane. The supergroups U(N |M) and OSp(N |M) arise as gauge symmetries in the supersymmetric world-volume theory of D-branes and ghost D-branes. A system with a pair of D-brane and ghost D-brane located at the same location is physically equivalent to the closed string vacuum. When they are ...

abstract from historical view point geopolitical factors have encouraged the politicians to be ambitious. countries of the world by making use of geopolitical potentials try to maintain stability and promote their status in world affairs. among the countries of the persian gulf region qatar is one of those countries which in recent regional developments have had geopolitical dynamic and have pl...