purpose: to compare the refractive results of penetrating keratoplasty (pk) in two groups of patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting with different amounts of donor-recipient disparity (0.25 and 0.5 mm). methods: as a randomized clinical trial and after performing a complete ocular examination and vitreous length measurement, 30 patients with keratoconus were randomly assigned in ...

Research into the epidemiology, aetiology, and optics of ametropia is a fundamental cornerstone correction management refractive errors by eye care practitioners. At present, much ...

Refractive error is the most common eye disorder and key cause behind correctable visual impairment, responsible for nearly 80% of impairment in US. can be diagnosed using multiple methods, including subjective refraction, retinoscopy, autorefractors. Although refraction gold standard, it requires cooperation from patient hence not suitable infants, young children, developmentally delayed adult...