Reference architectures (RA) have been studied to create a consistent notion of what constitutes them as well as their benefits and drawbacks. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to provide evidence that support the claims made. To increase this evidence, this paper investigates the actual industrial practice of using RAs. The study consists of a survey with 28 stakeholders from ...

Cooperative driving systems enable vehicles to adapt their motion to the surrounding tra c situation by utilizing information communicated by other vehicles and infrastructure in the vicinity. How should these systems be designed and integrated into the modern automobile? What are the needed functions, key architectural elements and their relationships? We created a reference architecture that ...

Abstract There is an inherent tension between functional descriptions of products and structural descriptions. Traditionally system architecture combine the two, by mapping elements to functions. In this process fundamental decisions about embodiment a product are often taken without proper scrutiny. Axiomatic design advocates zigzag decomposition break down. While approach makes sense for ab i...