The number of multi-detector array computed tomography (MDCT) examinations performed per annum continues to increase in both the adult and paediatric populations. Estimates from 2003 suggested that CT contributed 17% of a radiology department's workload, yet was responsible for up to 75% of the collective population dose from medical radiation. The effective doses for some CT examinations today...

Nonlinear bilateral filters (BF) deliver a fine blend of computational simplicity and blurfree denoising. However, little is known about their nature, noise-suppressing properties, and optimal choices of filter parameters. Our study is meant to fill this gap—explaining the underlying mechanism of bilateral filtering and providing the methodology for optimal filter selection. Practical applicati...

the genitouninamy system. Itostamide has been found to produce hemorrhagic cystitis in 40 to 50% of the patients receiving the drug in single high doses (7, 9, ii). This type of toxicity is accompanied by dysunia and frequency. Azo temia also has been observed in patients receiving doses of 150 mg/kg (11). Cardiac toxicity has not been reported with doses of Ifostamide used to date. Because of ...

CT is an incredibly valuable imaging tool, but there are unique concerns with pediatric patients, including the increase of sensitivity to radiation, increase risk of cancer formation with the longer life expectancy, and larger radiation doses received when adult CT settings are used. With a grant from the AHRA and Toshiba Putting Patients First program, Memorial Hermann Healthcare System was a...

A recent series of experiments aimed to determine the amount salt can be reduced in food products without losing too much of their original taste; this is called the benchmark dose. In this study, a logistic model was used, however, it did not to include some features of the experiment and also used the data in an inefficient way. To improve the model, we borrowed the idea of risk assessment fr...

Objectives. To (1) compare the radiation dose of low-dose computed tomography (CT) to that of standard-dose CT, (2) determine the minimum optimal radiation dose for use in patients who need endoscopic sinus surgery, and (3) assess the reliability of iterative model reconstruction. Study Design. Prospective single-institution study. Setting. Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods. We recruit...