This paper describes a mechanism for reducing the cost of waiting for messages in architectures that allow userlevel communication libraries. We reduce waiting costs in two ways: by reducing the cost of servicing interrupts, and by carefully controlling when the system uses interrupts and when it uses polling. We have implemented our mechanism on the SHRIMP multicomputer and integrated it with ...

Escalations refer to the actions taken when workkow activities, which constitute business processes, miss their deadlines. Typically, escalations increase the cost of business processes due to the execution of additional activities, the compensation of nished activities, or the intervention of highly-paid workers. In this paper, we present ongoing research addressing workkow escalations and the...

Strategies Trinity Regional Health System in Rock Island, III., used to reduce pharmacy expenses included: Leveraging benchmarking information to identify opportunities for cost savings. Implementing change management techniques, bolstered by well-presented and coherent data, to promote acceptance of change. Forming a multidisciplinary team of clinical and financial leaders to address quality, ...

Human activities around the world are producing increasingly large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the consumption of fossil fuels and deforestation. Most experts expect that the accumulation of such gases in the atmosphere will result in a variety of environmental changes over time, including a gradual warming of the global climate, extensive ch...

Bounded-exhaustive testing is an automated testing methodology that checks the code under test for all inputs within given bounds: first the user describes a set of test inputs and provides test oracles that check test outputs; then the tool generates all the inputs, executes them on the code under test, and checks the outputs; and finally the user inspects failing tests to submit bug reports. ...

This paper is intended to build on papers previously presented at ASLIB Translating and the Computer 21 and 22. We will summarize how XML-based technology has enabled some Global 2000 companies to streamline their localization processes and reduce the cost of delivering localized information products, and we will document the significant progress that has been made in the last two years in the ...

The costs of healthcare are a cause of concern throughout the world. This is the case for Europe, where most of the service is paid for by a state healthcare system, but also in the USA, where private insurance has a more prominent role. Several articles addressing this issue, i.e. the causes of this sharp increase and how to reduce the costs of medicine, have appeared in medical journals in re...