A protocol for assuring the authenticity of information broadcasted over long periods of time is proposed. The protocol is based on time synchronization and uses one-way chains constructed with the squaring function which gives the possibility to construct a one-way chain of whose length is unbounded in practice. Although the computational cost is somewhat increased, compared to the use of hash...

Through their communications mix, firms make decisions that have implications for the ease with which consumers can search for product information. A common intuition is that firms would like to make information easily available to consumers, but choose not to because facilitating consumer search is costly to them. The main result of this paper counters this intuition – firms may not want to ma...

We consider two non-interacting systems embedded in a heat bath. If they remain dynamically independent, physical inconsistencies are avoided only if the single-system reduced dynamics is completely positive also beyond the weak-coupling limit.

Background: By expressing strengths and weaknesses and their classification, the pathology helps managers in preventing them to provide superficial and simple solutions. Therefore, this research as a review deals with the pathology of the project of integrating the medical education system with health services in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Methods: The data collection for thi...

We aim at synthesizing an executable specification for a real-time reactive system by integrating real-time scenarios into a reduced timed automaton (TA). A scenario is a part of the specification of a system behavior. The integration of scenarios into a single TA is based on its formal semantics. The TA, which results from the integration of a set of scenarios, is independent of the order in w...

Rolling element bearing failure is one of the foremost causes of breakdown in rotating machinery. It is not uncommon to replace a defected/used bearing with a new one that has shorter remaining useful life than the defected one. Thus, prognostics of bearing plays critical role for increased availability and reduced cost. Effective prognostics highly depend on the quality of the extracted featur...

Three reading-time experiments in Chinese are reported that test contrasting views of how pronominal coreference is achieved. On the one hand, studies of reading time and eye tracking suggest that reduced expressions, such as the pronoun he, serve as critical links to integrate separate utterances into a coherent model of discourse. On the other hand, probe-word recognition studies indicate tha...