Red-fleshed grapes are important breeding resources, and study of the content composition phenolic compounds in red-fleshed is lacking. In this study, profiles whole berry, flesh, peel thirteen grape (Vitis) accessions were determined for two consecutive years. The total ranged from 4.795 to 29.875 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) 1.960 12.593 17.067 60.182 peel. As expected, anthocyanins main compound...

Apple is one of the intensive grown and widely cultivated fruit crop in the temperate region, around the world. China, USA, Iran, India and Italy are the highest apple producing countries in the world. More than 60% of world apple productions come from these countries. More than 7.500 apple cultivars are grown around the world. Generally most popular apple varieties in the world are pink lady, ...

The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic (TP) content and antioxidant activity (AA) in yellow (cvs. Impala, Karin, Dita, Saturna) and purple-fleshed (cvs. Valfi, Violette) potatoes grown in the Czech Republic in 2004 in four locations in precise field trials. TP content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau assay and AA by DPPH assay both in freeze-dried tuber matter. Results show...

In much of human reasoning, the form of reasoning is approximate rather than exact as in "A red apple is ripe and this apple is more or less red. Then this apple is more or less ripe.' L.A. Zadeh and E.H. Mamdani suggested methods for such a fuzzy reasoning as an application of fuzzy set theory. The method involves an inference rule and a conditional proposition which contains fuzzy concepts. I...

BACKGROUND Considerable research has been directed towards the roles of metal ions in nutrition with metal ion toxicity attracting particular attention. The aim of this study is to measure the levels of metal ions found in selected beverages (red wine, stout and apple juice) and to determine their potential detrimental effects via calculation of the Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) for 250 mL dail...

Red coloration of apple (Malus x domestica) skin is an important determinant of consumer preference and marketability. Anthocyanins are responsible for this coloration, and their accumulation is positively correlated with the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Regulation of expression of these genes is believed to be controlled by MYB transcription factors, and the MYB transcri...

This study examined the effect of debagging time on color and flavor / taste compounds in the non-red apple cultivar 'Golden Delicious' and red cultivar 'Qinguan' at mid and late stages of fruit development. Debagging briefly improved the red color in both cultivars, the peel of 'Golden Delicious' presenting pale-pink hue. However, rapid anthocyanin accumulation occurred in apple peel at a spec...

considering the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture in recent decades and increasing risks of diseases and environmental hazards in human society’s , standards of remaining pesticides in food and agricultural products required to be considered.in this study, residues of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in apple in the damavand region evaluated. sampled randomly from the apple or...

Pre-selection for fruit skin color at the seedling stage would be highly advantageous, with marker-assisted selection offering a potential method for apple pre-selection. A and MdMYB1 alleles are allele-specific DNA markers that are potentially associated with apple skin color, and co-segregate with the Rf and Rni loci, respectively. Here, we assessed the potential application of these 2 allele...