A numerically important group of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders have chronic symptoms that can be attributed to the gastroduodenal region. Based on the consensus opinion of an international panel of clinical investigators who reviewed the available evidence, a classification of the functional gastroduodenal disorders is proposed. Four categories of functional gastroduodenal...

Objective: To recognize the various clinical presentations of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections among children of Gizan Community, Saudi Arabia. Design: Case control study. Setting: Local tertiary centre in Gizan District, Saudi Arabia. Participants: In this case control study the number of patients (H. pylori positive) were 120 (52.5% Boys) and the control group patients (H. pylori ne...

A 20-day-old girl presented with increasing projectile vomiting over a period of one week and progressive weight loss. The diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) was made by sonography (Length of pyloric channel: 22 mm; muscle thickness: 5 mm). Open standard pyloromyotomy was performed. The postoperative course uneventful. On the 50th postoperative day, the girl was readmitted with pr...

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent, stereotypic episodes of nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms, separated by intervals of comparative wellness. These episodes carry on for hours or days. The patient is healthy between the episodes and has no clinical finding. For the treatment of the CVS, antiemetic, antimigraine and sedative medications were used. However...

Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an autoimmune astrocytopathy, may share common clinico-radiological features with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). A variant of NMOSD, known as area postrema syndrome (APS), that presents intractable hiccups and associated vomiting, might lead to the depletion nutrients if not detected treated early. Autoimmune thyroid disorders (i.e., G...

We report a 74-year-old man with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) whose only prior illness was peptic ulcer disease. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated gastric ulcer scars accompanied by marked deformity, without pathologic evidence of malignancy. WE due to peptic ulcer disease in previous reports was substantially associated with thiamine deficiency due to recurrent vomiting or surgic...

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is characterized by intense vomiting, recurrent emergency department visits, and return to usual health status between episodes. This syndrome was first described in 1882 in a case series of pediatric patients, but there is growing understanding that CVS may occur in other age groups. This case report describes a 23-year-old with a history of CVS diagnosed in adol...