The medial prefrontal cortex plays a key role in higher order cognitive functions like decision making and social cognition. These complex behaviors emerge from the coordinated firing of prefrontal neurons. Fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) control the timing of excitatory neuron firing via somatic inhibition and generate gamma (30-100 Hz) oscillations. Therefore, factors that regulate how FSIs ...

This study models a transcutaneous energy transmission system which can supply DC power to an implanted device without an external battery. The goals of the study are to: (1) develop a model to describe the transcutaneous energy transmission system; and (2) use the developed model to design a transcutaneous energy transmission system for an implantable gastrointestinal neurostimulator. The comp...

We address the problem of rectifying an erroneous combinational circuit. Based on the symbolic binary decision diagram techniques, we consider the rectification process as a sequence of partial corrections. Each partial correction reduces the size of the input vector set that produces error responses. Compared with the existing approaches, this approach is more general, and thus, suitable for c...

To understand the role of different K(+) channel subtypes in glial cell-mediated spatial buffering of extracellular K(+), immunohistochemical localization of inwardly rectifying K(+) channel subunits (Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1) was performed in the retina of the mouse. Stainings were found for the weakly inward-rectifying K(+) channel subunit Kir4.1 and for the strongly inward-...

Abstract We propose the design and fabrication of a coplanar electrode structure for an organic metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor (OMESFET), with gate self-aligned between source drain electrodes. first used nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to define channel area device on patterned metal, then chemical wet etching create electrodes by removing metal in area. After etching, was deposited...

Recently, several mechanisms have been proposed as a basis for designing molecular electronic logic switching elements. Many two terminal molecular devices functioning as diodes have been synthesized with responses similar to silicon devices such as rectifying and resonant tunneling diodes. In this paper, the feasibility of integrating these molecular diodes into current circuit architectures i...

In the cerebellar circuit, Golgi cells are thought to contribute to information processing and integration via feedback mechanisms. In these mechanisms, dynamic modulation of Golgi cell excitability is necessary because GABA from Golgi cells causes tonic inhibition on granule cells. We studied the role and synaptic mechanisms of postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) at...

Diversified neurons are essential for sensorimotor function, but whether astrocytes become specialized to optimize circuit performance remains unclear. Large fast α-motor neurons (FαMNs) of spinal cord innervate fast-twitch muscles that generate peak strength. We report that ventral horn astrocytes express the inward-rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 (a.k.a. Kcnj10) around MNs in a VGLUT1-dependent ...