in front wheels driven vehicles, fuel economy can be obtained by summing torques applied to rear wheels. on the other hand, unequal torques applied to rear wheels provides enhanced safety. in this paper, a model with seven degrees of freedom is considered for the vehicle body. thereafter, power-train subsystems are modeled. considering an electrical machine on each rear wheel, a fuzzy controlle...

Flow-spoiled fresh blood imaging, a noncontrast peripheral MR angiography technique, allows the depiction of the entire tree of peripheral arteries by utilizing the signal difference between systolic- and diastolic-triggered data. The image quality of the technique relies on selecting the right triggering delay times and flow-dependent read-out spoiler gradient pulses. ECG triggering delays wer...

On-line chain partition is a two-player game between Spoiler and Algorithm. Spoiler presents, point by point, a partially ordered set. Algorithm assigns incoming points (immediately and irrevocably) to the chains which constitute a chain partition of the order. The value of the game for orders of width w is a minimum number val(w) such that Algorithm has a strategy using at most val(w) chains o...

Third parties and independents face several hurdles to success in the United States because of the two-party system. One of those hurdles is state ballot access laws, which place obstacles in the way of minor candidates that major-party candidates do not face. Research into the phenomenon of third-party performance has shown that third-party candidates do better in non-competitive races when th...

Crystalline-Si (c-Si) solar cell with black Si (b-Si) layer at the rear was studied in order to develop c-Si solar cell with sub-band gap photovoltaic response. The b-Si was made by chemical etching. The c-Si solar cell with b-Si at the rear was found to perform far better than that of similar structure but with no b-Si at the rear, with the efficiency being increased relatively by 27.7%. This ...

A motion adaptive de-interlacing algorithm and its hardware architecture are presented in this paper. It consists of the directional interpolation ELA with median processing, and 4-field horizontal motion detection. The edges can be sharper while the ELA with median processing is adopted. Enhanced ELA with median processing can prevent the happening of the bursting pixels. Proposed 4-field hori...

Using Henrici’s departure from normality as tool, we investigate the influence of nonnormality on the spectral sensitivity of system matrices of projection-type system realization methods. Basically, we show that the system matrix of one of these methods is diagonally similar to the system matrix of the classical Kung’s method and then conclude that the spectral sensitivity of all methods decre...

Strong legs and feet give longer herd life of dairy cows. Therefore, many countries include measures of leg and feet conformation traits in their breeding programs, often as early predictors of longevity. Five leg conformation traits were measured on grand-daughters of 19 Danish Holstein sire families with 33 to 105 sons. The traits measured were: rear legs side view, rear legs rear view, hock ...

Most spoilers are made from a sandwich structure with honeycomb component as its core. However, the core is sensitive to water ingress, causing damage control surface due weak moisture-resistance behavior. This study aimed conduct design and analysis of an improved composite for coreless spoiler. A spoiler aircraft, A320, was used case study. The weaknesses were identified through finite elemen...