among the food products, grains play an important role in the consumption patterns of people, especially in the developing countries. since iran's main source of public dietary energy comes directly from grains, investigating and identifying the determinants of import of these products can be an important step towards food security. most experimental studies consider import of grains as only a ...

 Given companies’ dynamic responses to expected exchange rate changes, this article improves on current methods of measuring exposure to foreign exchange rate changes by breaking down the spot exchange rate changes into expected changes and unexpected changes. The currency risk exposure coefficients resulting from an empirical analysis of Shanghai Stock Exchange A share listed companies on wh...

there has been extensive debate in iran over recent years about appropriate exchange regime. some are fixed exchange rate pros, some advocate the managed floating regime, and others believe in pegging the exchange. rate in which nominal exchange rate is annually adjusted to the there are certain provisions embodied in the structure of the basic model, which may identify it as a generally useful...

the purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run effect of real effective exchange rate on iran non-oil trade balance. the methodology is based on ardl procedure that can be applied irrespective of whether the regressors are i(0) or i(1). the results show the real depreciation has not a favorable long - run effect on the non-oil trade balance of iran from 1979 to 2001.

â â â  given companies’ dynamic responses to expected exchange rate changes, this article improves on current methods of measuring exposure to foreign exchange rate changes by breaking down the spot exchange rate changes into expected changes and unexpected changes. the currency risk exposure coefficients resulting from an empirical analysis of shanghai stock exchange a share listed companies...