BACKGROUND Improved influenza vaccines are needed to reduce influenza-associated complications in older adults. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal formulation of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine for use in elderly people. METHODS This observer-blind, randomized study assessed the optimal formulation of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine based on immunogenicity and safet...

Background: Dengue viruses (DENV1-4) are estimated to infect 50-100 million individuals per year worldwide including an estimated 500,000 people with severe dengue who require hospitalization every year. The live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) candidate, containing four recombinant dengue viruses (CYD14), is in clinical phase III. Methods: In an observer-blind, phase II trial...

BACKGROUND Seasonal influenza imposes a substantial personal morbidity and societal cost burden. Vaccination is the major strategy for influenza prevention; however, because antigenically drifted influenza A and B viruses circulate annually, influenza vaccines must be updated to provide protection against the predicted prevalent strains for the next influenza season. The aim of this study was t...

Cholera vaccines developed by the deletion of CTX genes from Vibrio cholerae induce a residual reactogenicity in up to 10% of vaccinees. A novel cytotonic agent named secreted CHO cell elongating protein (S-CEP) was purified from culture supernatants of CVD 103-HgR (Levine et al., Lancet ii:467-470, 1988). Five fractionation steps yielded electrophoretically pure S-CEP with an M(r) of 79,000. A...

Mass immunization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in adults is frequently demanded. However the high cost of conventional immunization is an obstacle to the provision of this vaccine. We investigated the serological response and adverse reactions following administration of a low-dose (1 or 2 micrograms of yeast-derived HBV vaccine (HB-VAX II, Merck, Sharp and Dohme) intradermally in young a...

T he immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the RA27/3 strain of rubella vaccine was evaluated in schoolgirls 11 to 12 years old in a study from April to July, 1987. The incidence of adverse events was lower in initially seropositive girls compared to seronegative cohorts throughout the follow-up period. Overall, 22 per cent of the vaccinees reported symptoms in the first week after vaccination, ...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an investigational malaria vaccine. DESIGN This was an age-stratified phase Ib, double-blind, randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. Children were recruited into one of three cohorts (dosage groups) and randomized in 2:1 fashion to receive either the test product or a comparator. SETTING The study wa...

The majority of Men C conjugate vaccines given in the UK use CRM(197), a mutant diphtheria toxoid, as their protein carrier. We studied the effects of prior immunisation with Men C-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine on immunity to diphtheria in 193 children before and after a booster dose of Men C at 4 years. Baseline diphtheria antibodies were higher in children given four previous doses of Men C (P<0...