This paper proposes an architecture for providing personalization services for adaptive educational hypermedia. We formalize adaptation functionality in a re-usable way appropriate for the use in the semantic web. We show how to design personalization services that provide re-usable adaptation methods employing semantic web description formats. keywords: adaptive hypermedia, personalization, ad...

Software development is a costly process for all but the most trivial systems. One of the commonly known ways of minimizing development costs is to re-use previously built software components. However, a significant problem that source-code re-users encounter is the difficulty of finding components that not only provide the functionality they need but also conform to the architecture of the sys...

selection of appropriate strategies is one of the important principles to achieve profitability in the business models. one of the most important of these strategies, is use of appropriate pricing strategies in order to have the correct and satisfy product pricing process, the factors that affect pricing should be identify and control. plc as organizational factors affecting group is of the mai...

A grid re nement scheme has been developed for tetrahedral and triangular grid-based calculations in message-passing environments. The element adaption scheme is based on edge bisection of elements marked for re nement by an appropriate error indicator. Hash table/linked list data structures are used to store nodal and element information. The grid along inter-processor boundaries is re ned con...

The attractiveness of many cities in Africa is marred by the inefficient collection, management, disposal and reuse of municipal solid waste (MSW). Rectifying this requires a change in attitude towards how MSW is viewed. MSW needs to be viewed as a resource that should be incorporated into human development agenda and urban development. This has the potential for generating income for cities in...