At a time when policy makers want to change the behaviour of citizens to tackle a broad range of social problems, such as climate change, excessive drinking, obesity and crime, a promising new policy approach has appeared that seems capable of escaping the liberal reservations typically associated with all forms of regulatory action. After having relied on the assumption that governments can on...

Acknowledgements: We are very grateful to Anne-Laurence le Faou for providing us the database of French cessation services, as well as to Paul Dourgnon and Thierry Debrand at the Institute for Research and Information in Health Economics (IRDES), who gave us access to the ESPS survey. Abstract Many public policies, and especially health policies, are aimed at modifying individual behavior. This...

The starting point for the architectural or high level system design are the User Requirements & Use Cases together with accompanying documents. A design presents a model which is an abstraction of the system to be designed. The step from a real world system to abstraction is analysis for which we refer to the literature [1,2,3] or courses [4]. The procedure for producing an architectural desig...

The purpose of the study is spatial analysis factors floodplain ecosystems and calculation rational use, through technical economic indicators efficiency haymaking. assessment forage base was obtained based on grass stand productivity hayfields in five key areas Ob River floodplain, soil properties, their qualitative characteristics necessary for understanding fertility ecosystems, which land d...