A reform to the Kyoto Protocol that allows signatories to avoid achieving the target level of abatement upon payment of a fine, would achieve two goals. First, it would defuse one U.S. objection to the agreement: the concern that the cost of achieving the target might turn out to be extremely high. Second, unlike other cost-reducing measures (such as trade in pollution permits) it would increas...

seistan was one of the important ancient urban centres in south eastern persia. the ruins of the city show the prosperity and fertility of this city to the extent that a british civil officer considered it as the ancient london of asia. this article attempts to describe the enormous latent wealth of this ancient city which made it important for strategic, political and commercial reasons. due t...

The paper studies a general model of hold-up in a setting encompassing the models of Segal (1999) and Che and Hausch (1999) among others. It is shown that if renegotiation is modeled as an infinite-horizon non-cooperative bargaining game then, with a simple initial contract, an efficient equilibrium will generally exist. The contract is robust in the sense that it does not depend on fine detail...

Cooperative communication can improve communication quality in wireless communication networks through strategic relay selection. However, wireless cooperative communication networks are vulnerable to the attacks initiated on relays. Although applying authentication protocols can secure cooperative communication when the selected relay is malicious, better system throughput could be obtained wi...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and balanced scorecard (BSC) are two well-known approaches for measuring performance of decision making units (DMUs). BSC is especially applied with quality measures, whereas, when the quantity measures are used to evaluate, DEA is more appropriate. In the real-world, DMUs usually have complex structures such as network structures. One of the well-known network s...

This chapter presents a mechanism for cooperative video transmission based on game theory for heterogeneous devices during broadcasting. Broadcasting is a multipoint delivery of transmission that sends data from a source to multiple destinations. The terminal is involved in cooperative transmission when the station broadcasts video data. To enhance performance, the heterogeneity and forwarding ...