1997 continues China's long march toI + Enterprise bonds were issued by sevwards affluence. GDP growth was 8.7% in 1996, preceded by two years of 10% growth, and forecast to increase again in 1997. Patriarch Deng Xiaoping's death in early 1997 did little to stem the flow of bullish economic statistics. China's gross domestic product reached US$ 3.6 trillion at purchasing power parity1 or about ...

The study analyzed the effect of Financial Development on Human from 2009 to 2020 in ASEAN-4 countries. development is projected with domestic credit for private sector, broad money ratio, economic growth, openness, inflation, and proportion government expenditure GDP, while human HDI. tests used a data panel, results showed that sector had significant increase HDI values.

This paper estimates a stochastic production frontier using time-series data for the aggregate Korean economy in 1977-2005 to examine whether public infrastructure stock reduces aggregate technical inefficiency in the gross domestic product. A stochastic production frontier is estimated in first-differenced form, and the one-sided residuals are regressed against the stock of public infrastructu...

This paper examines why credit constraints for domestic and exporting firms arise in a setting where banks do not observe firms’ productivities. To maintain incentive-compatibility, banks lend below the amount needed for first-best production. The longer time needed for export shipments induces a tighter credit constraint on exporters than on purely domestic firms, even in the exporters’ home m...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significant role in enhancing effectiveness of out-growers’ credit system among smallholder sugarcane farmers. A total of 110 small scale farme...

Recently, much attention is given to financial-growth nexus, but largely via the physical capital accumulation channel. This study differed by examining this nexus, via the human capital accumulation channel in the ECOWAS region. It employed panel cointegration approaches as well as the FMOLS, DOLS. The results revealed that bank private credit and domestic private credit contribute significant...

among the food products, grains play an important role in the consumption patterns of people, especially in the developing countries. since iran's main source of public dietary energy comes directly from grains, investigating and identifying the determinants of import of these products can be an important step towards food security. most experimental studies consider import of grains as only a ...

Understanding determinants of urban health is of growing importance. Factors at multiple scales intertwine to influence health in cities but, with the growing autonomy of some cities from their countries, city population health may be becoming more a matter for city-level rather than national-level policy and action. We assess the importance of city, country, and macroregional (Western and East...