Vortex tube is a simple energy separation device, also known as Ranque tube or Hilsch tube, which can separate a high-pressure stream into two different hot and cold streams. Since its simple structure and unique temperature separation characteristics, vortex tube has been widely used in various industries. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the vortex tube, it has been found that comp...

Immunological cross-reactivity has been shown between related genera of the family Treponemataceae. Extracts of Borrelia cross-react with antibodies in syphilitic serum (Saurino and De Lamater, 1952) and produce positive skin tests in the later stages of syphilis (Ranque, Quilici, and Assadourian, 1967). The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) is at present considered to b...

New exact solutions, obtained for centrifugal convection of a compressible fluid in pipes and annular pipes, explain axially elongated counterflow and energy separation—poorly understood phenomena occurring in vortex devices, e.g., hydrocyclones and Ranque tubes. Centrifugal acceleration ~which can be up to 10 times gravity in practical vortex tubes!, combined with an axial gradient of temperat...

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A growth model is developed in which competition may increase the incremental profit from innovating; on the other hand, competition may also reduce innovation incentives for laggards. There are four key predictions. First, the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation is...

uence the outcome of IA are drug pharmacokinetics, site of infection, host factors, and the infecting fungus characteristics, including its susceptibility to the drug. In this setting, in vitro antifungal minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination cannot reliably predict in vivo clinical outcome in a patient. In practice, while it may not always be possible to identify which patients ...