The evaluation and control of the trains induced vibrations needs even more attention in the case of underground tracks which passes near to monuments and historical sites. The rail corrugations which occur due to the wheels’ impulse loads during the operation period of underground railway tracks, usually amplify the ground borne noise and vibration. In the current study, the mentioned phenomen...

Dual-rail encoding, return-to-spacer protocol and hazard-free logic can be used to resist differential power analysis attacks by making the power consumption independent of processed data. Standard dual-rail logic uses a protocol with a single spacer, e.g. all-zeroes, which gives rise to power balancing problems. We address these problems by incorporating two spacers; the spacers alternate betw...

Lubrication on sharp curves has been commonly adopted as a method of reducing friction between the wheel flange and rail gauge face to minimize wear and energy consumption. Additionally, lubrication between the running surface of the low-rail and the wheel tread has recently been recognized as a significant factor in reducing the likelihood of low-rail corrugation, squealing noise and rail gaug...

Dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly linked by road or rail to a seaport as a center for the transshipment of sea freight to inland destinations. However roads contribute to pollution more than rail. For sustainable transportation systems, we need to improve the performance of rail dry port systems. The purpose of this research is to propose a diagnostic system for modeling and cl...

Compact low-voltage power-efficient operational amplifiers are described that are very suitable as very-largescale-integration library cells because of the small die area of 0.08 mm and the minimum supply voltage of 1.8 V. A key part of the circuit is the rail-to-rail class-AB output stage with folded mesh feedback control that combines power efficiency with operation down to 1.8 V and allows s...

Methods for multibody modelling and simulation should accurately replicate the dynamic behaviour of rail-wheel interface including precise values for wheel-rail contact positions. This paper studies the development of a novel 3-D wheel-rail contact model which is used for dynamic simulation of a suspended wheelset with parameters listed for a typical Mark IV coach. The contact point locations o...

Detailed yet computationally efficient simulation models are needed to support the design and operation of modern rail infrastructure systems. LIBROS-II is a model component library for microscopic rail operations simulation. Basic rail elements are modeled as atomic DEVS models which are further aggregated into more elaborate rail component models. The latter can in turn be used modularly for ...

In this paper a number of 4-bit, 8-operation arithmetic logic units (ALUs) are designed using the delayinsensitive NULL Convention Logic (NCL) paradigm, and are characterized in terms of speed and area. Both dualrail and quad-rail, pipelined and non-pipelined versions are developed, and the tradeoffs and design considerations for each are discussed. Comparing the various architectures shows tha...

Light rail systems have proliferated in Spain in the last decade, following a tendency that is common not only in other European countries but also in other parts of the world. This paper reviews the benefits of light rail systems, both related to environmental issues and mobility issues. It analyses the evolution of light rail projects in Spain and shows that light rail systems in this country...

An overall objective of the REORIENT project is to develop a business case for a new rail service between the Nordic countries and countries in Centraland South Eastern Europe. We developed, conducted, and used information from a survey conducted by the REORIENT project among intermodal freight shippers in countries within the REORIENT Corridor to identify essential factors for attracting freig...