Abstract Dose equivalent limits for single organs are recommended by the ICRP (International Commission Radiological Protection publication 103). These do not lend themselves to be measured. They assessed convoluting conversion factors with particle fluences. The Fluence-to-Dose tabulated in literature. allow assessing organ dose of interest using numerical simulations. In particular, literatur...

Treating shallow tumors with a homogeneous dose while simultaneously minimizing the dose to distal critical organs remains a challenge in radiotherapy. One promising approach is modulated electron radiotherapy (MERT). Due to the scattering properties of electron beams, the commercially provided secondary and tertiary photon collimation systems are not conducive for electron beam delivery when s...

introduction accurate estimation of the absorbed dose in radiosensitive organs, located away from the target volume during radiotherapy, is one of the main reasons for the development of reference phantoms. the international commission on radiological protection (icrp) reference phantoms can provide a more realistic view of the human anatomy in comparison with the previously used mathematical p...

Bone, air passages, cavities, and lung are elements present in patients, but challenging to properly correct for in treatment planning dose calculations. Plastic scintillator detectors (PSDs) have proven to be well suited for dosimetry in non-reference conditions such as small fields. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) ...

introduction accurate estimation of the skin-absorbed dose in external radiation therapy is essential to estimating the probability of secondary carcinogenesis induction materials and methods electron contamination in prostate radiotherapy was investigated using the monte carlo (mc) code calculation. in addition, field size dependence of the skin dose was assessed. excess cancer risk induced by...

Monte Carlo (MC) method is the most accurate method for dose calculations in radiotherapy. It has been used in many applications including external photon and electron beam therapy, brachytherapy, etc. (1). MC method has overcome the deficiencies of analytical dose calculation methods in conditions such as tissue inhomogeneities and electronic disequilibrium with small fields(2-5). For the appl...

Radiation therapy, in conjunction with surgical implant fixation, is a common combined treatment in cases of bone metastases. However, metal implants generally used in orthopedic implants perturb radiation dose distributions. Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) material has been recently introduced for production of intramedullary nails and plates. The purpose of this work w...