(A) Explain how the tools of statistical learning (Bayesian or otherwise) might be useful in thinking about paradigm shifts in science. Is a paradigm shift just the replacement of one model or hypothesis by another, or does it involve something more? (B) What would be the analogy of a Kuhnian paradigm shift in human learning or machine learning? Give at least one specific example of a phenomeno...

to Citizens' Advice Bureaux". It does not attempt to do more than pinpoint a number of problems arising when there is mental disorder in the family, but the range of 37 questions and answers is wide and carefully selected. Questions dealt with include "How is treatment for mental disorder arranged?" "Can the mental welfare officer call to see the patient against his will?" "If the local authori...

As students read expository text, comprehension is improved by pausing to answer questions that reinforce the material. We describe an automatic question generator that uses semantic pattern recognition to create questions of varying depth and type for self-study or tutoring. Throughout, we explore how linguistic considerations inform system design. In the described system, semantic role labels...

This paper describes the procedure adopted by the three coordinators of the CLEF 2003 question answering track (ITC-irst, UNED and ILLC) to create the question set for the monolingual tasks. Despite the little resources available, the three groups collaborated and managed to formulate and verify a large pool of original questions posed in three different languages: Dutch, Italian and Spanish. A...

Jacobson, M.Z., M.A. Delucchi, M.A. Cameron, and B.V, Mathiesen, Matching demand with supply at low cost among 139 countries within 20 world regions with 100% intermittent wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) for all purposes, Renewable Energy, 123, 236-248, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.009 , https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/CombiningRenew/WorldGridIntegratio...

We study the impact of syntactic and shallow semantic information in automatic classification of questions and answers and answer re-ranking. We define (a) new tree structures based on shallow semantics encoded in Predicate Argument Structures (PASs) and (b) new kernel functions to exploit the representational power of such structures with Support Vector Machines. Our experiments suggest that s...

In this paper we explore how compositional semantics, discourse structure, and the cogni-tive states of participants all contribute to pragmatic constraints on answers to questions in dialogue. We synthesise formal semantic theories on questions and answers with techniques for discourse interpretation familiar from computational linguistics, and show how this provides richer constraints on resp...

In recent algebra investigations, the maximum number of islands on some grid turned out to appear as interesting combinatorial problem. The aim of this paper is to overview the history and the results in this topic. The first result, the formula of Gábor Czédli appeared in [2], his proof was based on lattice theory. The investigation went on two different directions, nowadays both are living re...

Open forum threads exhibit a great variability in the quality and quantity of the answers they attract, making it difficult to manually moderate and separate relevant from irrelevant content. The goal of SemEval 2015 Task 3 (Subtask A, English) is to build systems that automatically distinguish between relevant and irrelevant content in forum threads. We extend a short answer assessment system ...