Virucidal activity of immobilized quaternary ammonium compounds (IQACs) coated onto glass and plastic surfaces was tested against enveloped influenza A (H1N1) virus and nonenveloped poliovirus Sabin1. The IQACs tested were virucidal against the influenza virus within 2 min, but no virucidal effect against poliovirus was found in 6 h.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have raised considerable attention due to their wide commercial applications and recent discovery of unknown persistent analogues in aqueous environment. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMAC), benzylakyldimethylethylammonium (BAC) and dialkyldimethylammonium (DADMAC) homologues were investigated in fifty-two municipa...

DESCRIPTION The active ingredient in ATROVENT (ipratropium bromide) Inhalation Aerosol is ipratropium bromide. It is an anticholinergic bronchodilator chemically described as 8azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane, 3-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phenylpropoxy)-8-methyl-8-(1methylethyl)-, bromide, monohydrate (endo,syn)-,(±): a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound chemically related to atropine. The structural fo...

The evaluation of germicides has been the subject of considerable controversy. At the present time, the phenol coefficient method is the official procedure of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (1950) for the evaluation of water-soluble germicides. However, Klarmann and Wright (1946), McCulloch (1947), DuBois (1947), McCulloch, Hauge, and Migaki (1948), and Stuart, Boguskey and F...

Acquired tolerance for a quaternary ammonium compound produced a tolerance for a similar compound. Tolerance was associated with the structure and the extent of adsorption of the compound. Morphological changes and resistance to disruption by pressure and by sonic treatment accompanied the development of tolerance. An otherwise weakened culture evolved with the acquisition of tolerance. The max...

A capillary electrophoretic method for resolving phenolic compounds found in grape seed extracts was developed using a quaternary ammonium salt as the main electrolyte solution. Seven polyphenols were separated and identified. The separation mechanism seems to involve association between quaternary ammonium cations and the polyphenols. Migration times roughly correlate with the size of the know...

Cationic compounds are promising candidates for development of antimicrobial agents. Positive charges attached to surfaces, particles, polymers, peptides or bilayers have been used as antimicrobial agents by themselves or in sophisticated formulations. The main positively charged moieties in these natural or synthetic structures are quaternary ammonium groups, resulting in quaternary ammonium c...