A variety of in homogeneously broadened optical and infrared transitions in solids display persistent spectral holes when irradiated with a narrowband laser. In the case of photochemical hole burning, absorption decreases at the laser frequency because the center undergoes an internal chemical change such as bond rearrangement or ionization. 1-3 Nonphotochemical hole burning is thought to occur...

introduction arefi quartz-bearing conglomerate (middle jurassic) is situated within binalud structural zone. the unit is trending nw-se located 25 km south of mashhad. more than 97% of the pebbles are quartz as mono-crystalline, poly-crystalline, and minor fragments of chert, quartzite, and mica schist. less that 3% of the remaining minerals are feldspar, mica, chlorite, hornblende, tourmaline,...

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a commonly used plasticizer and additive to adhesives, printing inks and nail polishes. Because it has been found to be a powerful reproductive and developmental toxicant, a sensor to monitor DBP in some working spaces and the environment is required. In this work polyaniline nanofibers were deposited on the electrode of a quartz crystal oscillator to form a Quartz Cr...

Cathodoluminescence (CL) offers the ability to measure trace ionic species with relatively short acquisition times enabling large areas to be mapped with detection limits orders of magnitude below elemental detections levels acquired using x-rays under the same conditions. We have applied this technique to the investigation of quartz grains and overgrowths from shale and sandstone samples acros...

Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) was used to investigate the interactions between cellulase enzymes and model cellulose substrates. The substrates consisted of thin films of cellulose that were spin-coated onto polyvinylamine (PVAm) precoated quartz crystal sensors carrying conductive gold surfaces. In QCM the quartz crystals are piezoelectrically driven and the frequency and dissipation sh...