The influence factors of reliability for drivers in different running stage are analyzed in the paper, firstly, based on Behavior-causing Theory. Then a new quantification method on transience reliability for drivers is advanced by a new definition “reliability degree”, whose error rate is calculated by the response time of drivers, and the influence factors how to influent the transience relia...

In the extensive literature on the discovery of the concept of the circulation of the blood appear many claims that various men other than William Harvey (1578-1657) were the true discoverers. Bayon' discusses the case for the following six: Andrea Cesalpino (1524-1603), Realdo Colombo (1510-59), Helvicus Dietericus (1601-55), Galen (131-201), Paolo Sarpi (1552-1623), and Walter Warren (d. 1640...

We propose a combined reconstruction-classification method for simultaneously recovering absorption and scattering in turbid media from images of absorbed optical energy. This method exploits knowledge that optical parameters are determined by a limited number of classes to iteratively improve their estimate. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach allows for accurate recovery of ...

The materials science community has identified nanoparticle dispersion as a primary challenge area for the advancement of polymer nanocomposites technology. Although nanoparticle dispersion can significantly impact important engineering properties, it is not itself a quantifiable property; qualitative TEM image assessments remain as the ‘gold standard’ for dispersion characterization. While num...

‘IT0STUDY PROTEIN METABOLISM with special reference to tyrosine as well as to study the deranged metabolism of aromatic compounds in phenylketonuria and similar disorders, quantitative determination of urinary phenols is desirable. Volterra (1) measured three phenolic fractions in the urine by distillation. Phenols have been measured quantitatively after ethyl acetate extraction by Bray and Tho...

An effective evaluation of transportation network efficiency/performance is essential to the establishment of sustainable development in any transportation system. Based on a redefinition of transportation network efficiency, a quantitative efficiency evaluation method for transportation network is proposed, which could reflect the effects of network structure, traffic demands, travel choice, a...

A simple drop method for quantitative urine culture was developed and tested in comparison with standard methods for bacterial urinary counts. In a group of 452 urines all yielding Escherichia coli, 74 showed counts of more than 100,000 colonies, and 16 showed counts between 10,000 and 100,000 colonies per ml. Of these 90 urines, 3 of the 16 in the doubtful group were false negative with the dr...

Object-oriented programming is about the creation of reusable classes that are to be extended to capture the specific requirements of the application at hand. However, instead of extending the methods of these classes, programmers often introduce subclasses in which they replace methods with new implementations that are completely detached from the superclass; that is, the subclass method does ...

We describe a method for quantitatively estimating 24 ninhydrin-reacting substances, including the commoner amino acids, in fecal dialysate prepared from ingested dialysis bags retrieved from fresh stool. It is accurate to 2 mumol of alpha-amino nitrogen per liter of fecal dialysate, and for most substances recovery of added standards is 100%. It involves dilution, ultrafiltration, and automate...

The objective of quantitative photoacoustic tomography (qPAT) is to reconstruct the diffusion and absorption properties of a medium from data of absorbed energy distribution inside the medium. Mathematically, qPAT can be formulated as an inverse coefficient problem for the diffusion equation. Past research showed that if the boundary values of the coefficients are known, then the interior value...