Central-pattern-generating neural circuits function reliably throughout an animal's life, despite constant molecular turnover and environmental perturbations. Fluctuations in temperature pose a problem to the nervous systems of poikilotherms because their body temperature follows the ambient temperature, thus affecting the temperature-dependent dynamics of various subcellular components that co...

INTRODUCTION To compare outcomes from early post-pyloric to gastric feeding in ventilated, critically ill patients in a medical intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS Prospective randomized study. Ventilated patients were randomly assigned to receive enteral feed via a nasogastric or a post-pyloric tube. Post-pyloric tubes were inserted by the bedside nurse and placement was confirmed radiographi...

Alimentary canal of fishes has a great variety of structural Peculiarities which are important in fisheries and biology. The aim of this study was to explain the anatomical and histological aspects of stomach and pyloric caeca in L. aurata, L. abu and M. cephalus (Mugilidae) from the Caspian Sea. Fifteen adult individuals of mugilidae; Liza aurata, L. abu and Mugil cephalus were collected f...

Rhythmic movements are often controlled by systems containing coupled subnetworks whose oscillations are of different frequencies. We show how fast inhibition from the pyloric network interacts with a slow modulatory input to control the frequency of the gastric mill rhythm of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion. We deduce that the timing of the pyloric input is crucial in determining what a...

We study the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system to gain insight in the interaction of oscillators of different intrinsic frequencies. We show how fast inhibition from the pyloric network interacts with a slow modulatory input to control the frequency of the gastric mill rhythm. We deduce that the timing of the pyloric input is crucial in determining what effect it will have on the frequen...

Fifty-six surgical specimens with various ulcerative intestinal disorders were microscopically investigated for evidence of gastric gland metaplasia. Thiry-one specimens (55-4%) showed pyloric gland metaplasia. Among the 31 patients with pyloric gland metaplasia, five showed true gastric metaplasia, consisting of parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous neck cells. The percentage of true gastric...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, in adults, is a rare disease. Partial gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, pyloromyotomy, pyloroplasty and endoscopic dilatation have all been recommended with variable results. A 54-year-old white female is presented with the onset of symptoms of idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis one year prior to operation. Two endoscopic p...

We conducted a clinicopathological study of cases of gastric carcinoma with pyloric stenosis and examined treatment outcomes and the prognosis of cases of stage IV gastric carcinoma with pyloric stenosis and the validity of gastrectomy as palliative surgery in these cases. The outcomes of 49 surgeries for gastric carcinoma with pyloric stenosis were compared with those of 671 surgeries for gast...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether the performance of pyloric exclusion during repair of penetrating advanced duodenal injuries prevents postoperative duodenal fistulas and improves clinical outcome. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients from 1995 to 2004 with penetrating duodenal injuries >or=grade II and all combined pancreaticoduodenal injuries was performed. Patients man...

Reliability and variability of neuronal activity are both thought to be important for the proper function of neuronal networks. The crustacean pyloric rhythm (∼1 Hz) is driven by a group of pacemaker neurons (AB/PD) that inhibit and burst out of phase with all follower pyloric neurons. The only known chemical synaptic feedback to the pacemakers is an inhibitory synapse from the follower lateral...