This article gives a glimpse of the early development of automatic control in Sweden covering the period up to the mid 1960s. Much of the early developments took place in industry and the defense establishments. Process control, particularly in the pulp and paper industry, power systems, and military projects were strong drivers for the technology. The article ends with the emergence of control...

The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a powerful neural network method for the analysis and visualisation of high-dimensional data. In this paper, the SOM algorithm is applied to the analysis of the technology of world paper and pulp industry. It is seen that the method can be used on environmental, technological and nancial data to produce a comprehensive view of the industry as a whole.

Issue: Pulp and paper industry were originally designed and constructed to use virgin wood feedstocks as a raw material. Some of the virgin wood fiber used for the pulp and paper industry is from lower value roundwood logs that are chipped for pulping. The other major source is from the residuals from sawmill, veneer, and lumber plants. These solid wood production plants produce millions of ton...

Environmental preservation is one of the key strategies addressing sustainable development. An awareness of environmental problems and potential hazards caused by industrial waste waters has prompted many countries to limit the discharge of toxic effluents. Mycoremediation play important role in the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents containing numerous toxic substances like hydrocarbon...