Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the pulmonary veins drainage. In this entity, the pulmonary veins, instead of draining to left atrium, connect abnormally to the systemic venous circulation. A right-to-left shunt is obligatory for survival. Based on its type and degree of pulmonary venous obstruction, TAPVC may result in pulmonary hypertension ...

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a rare congenital left-to-right shunt where pulmonary veins drain into systemic circulation. This is a presentation of the case of a patient with concurrent PAPVR and adenocarcinoma of the same lobe. The pulmonary veins of right upper lobe drained into superior vena cava (SVC), whereas the middle and lower lobes veins drained into the left at...

It has been documented that the cardiac musculature of many mammalia, including man, extends from the heart along the pulmonary veins to the lungs, and, at least in some rodentia, as far as the small venules, and that smooth muscle is not present (1-3). However, these reports are of structural studies only, and in the one publication where a speculation is made concerning the spread of the cont...

CT scans in four cases of chronic superior vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein obstruction demonstrate a systemic-to-cardiac collateral venous pathway through anastomoses between the pericardial branches of systemic veins and the presumed adventitial veins of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. These adventitial veins then drain into tributaries of the anterior cardiac veins or ventricu...

The pulmonary arteries or veins from 6 children with tetralogy of Fallot have been injected with a barium sulphate and gelatin mixture. The branching pattern of the airways, arteries, and veins was normal. At all ages quantitative studies showed a decrease in total lung volume and in both pulmonary artery and vein size. In the intra-acinar region small arteries and veins were increased in numbe...

We present here the case of an infant with interesting pulmonary venous anatomy in which pulmonary veins drain into systemic veins via 2 separate obstructed vertical veins (VVs). The 2-month-old female patient presented with severe cyanosis and respiratory distress. An echocardiographic study revealed right atrial isomerism, complete atrioventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle...

• The contribution of the pulmonary venous system to the pulmonary vascular resistance has been a subject of increasing interest." The pulmonary veins are sometimes considered to consist of wide inactive vessels; however, histological studies have revealed a layer of smooth muscle in these veins, especially at their junction with the left atrium. The veins may also respond histologieally by ven...

Anomalous Pulmonary venous connection is drainage of one or more pulmonary veins outside left atrium. Venous Connection most common on Left side upper vein drains directly into innominate to ultimately drain right Right Partial can be Superior Vena Cava, Atrium, Innominate rarely Inferior Cava.

Wagenvoort, C. A., Wagenvoort, N., and Dijk, H. J. (1974). Thorax, 29, 522-529. Effect of fulvine on pulnonary arteries and veins of the rat. Fulvine, one of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids from the Crotalaria group, was administered to rats in a single dose. Vasoconstriction and medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy developed gradually, starting after one week....

Background Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) is a rare form of congenital heart disease (CHD) in which all pulmonary veins connect to the systemic veins, right atrium or the coronary sinus. Echocardiography is a good screening modality in picking up majority of these cases. Cross sectional imaging is often utilized to establish the anatomy and confirm the diagnoses. In this st...