We empirically examine the impact of flotation costs, agency conflicts, regulation, and information asymmetries on a firm’s mix between public and private debt. Results indicate that firms with larger issue sizes exploit the scale economies in flotation costs of public debt. Firms with higher contracting costs due to moral hazard have higher proportions of private debt. There is only limited su...

relationship between public and private sector is becoming an increasingly important issue in management of agricultural extension services. the need for a strong linkage could be identified as the gap between desirable and current situation. in this research, the differences among current and desirable situation in six diverse dimensions was calculated. the current and desirable situation was ...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Pakistan which ranks fifth amongst the twenty two countries designated to be highly burdened by TB according to the World Health Organization. However, there is paucity of data regarding the knowledge of diagnosis of TB and its management amongst public and private practitioners. In this study, we endeavor to identify this gap in knowledge regarding th...

Bulletin of the World Health Organization | July 2005, 83 (7) are continuously updating this analysis based on a rapidly growing body of data from more than 40 ongoing projects in 14 countries. A policy framework and tools to help implementation have been developed based on field experiences and operational research. Information about WHO’s work on private sector involvement in TB control can b...

In this paper we present a novel, publicly verifiable mixing scheme which has everlasting privacy towards observers: all the information published on the bulletin board by the mixes (audit information etc)̇ reveals no information about the identity of any of the messages published. The correctness of the mixing process is statistical: even if all authorities conspire, they cannot change the cont...

Private schools serve a significant section of the Indian student population in the K-12 market. This share is likely to increase with the country's growth as households-both rich and poor clamor for quality education. This paper seeks to understand the determinants of schooling (public and private) in rural India. We present and estimate a discretecontinuous model of household school choice an...

OBJECTIVE(S) To estimate the costs of public-sector abortion provision in South Africa and to explore the potential for expanding access at reduced cost by changing the mix of technologies used. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a budget impact analysis using public sector abortion statistics and published cost data. We estimated the total costs to the public health service over 10 years, starting in...

The impact of private finance on publicly funded health care systems depends on how the relationship between public and private finance is structured. This essay first reviews the experience in five nations that exemplify different ways of drawing the public/private boundary to address the particular questions raised by each model. This review is then used to interpret aggregate empirical analy...

South-East Asian Regional (SEAR) countries range from low- to middle-income countries and have considerable differences in mix of public and private sector expenditure on health. This study intends to estimate the income-elasticities of healthcare expenditure in public and private sectors separately for investigating whether healthcare is a 'necessity' or 'luxury' for citizens of these countrie...