Animals exploit time to survive in the world. Temporal information is required for higher level cognitive abilities, such as planning, decision making, communication, and effective cooperation. Since an inseparable part of cognition, there a growing interest artificial intelligence approach subjective time, which has possibility advancing field. The current survey study aims provide researchers...

Time evolution of number of species (genera, families, and others), population of them, and size distribution of present ones and life times are studied in terms of a new model, where population of each genetic taxon increases by a (random) rate and decreases by (random) division (fragmentation). Each of log-normal, exponential and power law distributions in various empirical data about mention...

The published literature on potential treatments for young children with autistic tendencies has suggested a variety of ways to assist such children in gaining positive developmental progress. At one time most of these recommended options focused on methods using ideas from behavior modification theory and this theoretical approach still is advocated today and conducted by many practitioners, e...

The hypothesis of a companion object (Nemesis) orbiting the Sun was motivated by the claim of a terrestrial extinction periodicity, thought to be mediated by comet showers. The orbit of a distant companion to the Sun is expected to be perturbed by the Galactic tidal field and encounters with passing stars, which will induce variation in the period. We examine the evidence for the previously pro...

failures and contradictions of life cause confusion and disrupt personality structure of ego. under such conditions, human psychological defense system is activated to overcome anxiety which threats the ego and to recover one's calmness. seyyed qotb and shahriar have also infected by anxiety and unfavorable excitements in their lives, because of individual, social, political,…, factors. si...