In low income settlements where the quality of drinking water is highly contaminated due to poor hygienic practices at community and household levels, there is need for appropriate, simple, affordable and environmentally sustainable household water treatment technology. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) that utilizes both the thermal and ultra-violet effect of solar radiation to disinfect water ...

We examined the risk of infant mortality among low-birth-weight children (< 2500 g) controlling for other risk factors of infant mortality. We used survival regression analysis on 11,361 childbirths in the 5 years preceding the 2000 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. Higher birth order; shorter birth interval; lack of prenatal care, safe sources of drinking-water and hygienic toilet facilitie...

Hygienic and epidemiological investigations were conducted in 100 villages in order to quantify the relationship between bacterially contaminated drinking water and morbidity from abdominal typhoid, dysentery and viral hepatitis. Villages were divided into three groups: (a) those with bacterially contaminated waters and water borne epidemic outbreaks; (b) those with bacterially contaminated wat...

Conventional urban water and wastewater systems owe their design in particular to 19 Century thinking on combating waterborne disease and maintaining hygienic conditions in cities. The success of these systems has been out-lived and they are no longer compatible with closed systems which seek to minimise the net use of resources, encourage local recycling, water conservation and source protecti...

Water is an essential natural resource, necessary for drinking, agriculture and industrial activities, and providing the human population with safe drinking water is one of the most important issues in public health. Cyanobacteria produce toxins that may present a hazard for drinking water safety. These toxins are structurally diverse and their effects range from liver damage, including liver c...

INTRODUCTION Although several studies suggest that drinking water may help prevent obesity, no US studies have examined the effect of school drinking water provision and promotion on student beverage intake. We assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and outcomes of a school-based intervention to improve drinking water consumption among adolescents. METHODS The 5-week program, conducted in a...

OBJECTIVES We investigated a shigellosis outbreak in an elementary school to identify the source of infection, mode of transmission and risk factors for illness. METHODS In a case-control investigation, we compared the source of drinking water, consumption of untreated well water and suspected food items, and hygienic habits between case-students and randomly selected asymptomatic control-stu...

Abstract Billions of people around the world rely on forests to filter and provide clean drinking water. The immense value water can be a strong rationale for conserving sustainably managing forests, however, are often unaware this forest ecosystem service providing which lead service’s degradation. Using qualitative case‐study approach we conducted semi‐structured interviews in three watershed...