forests and rangelands are the most important natural ecosystems which provide many economic benefits to the society due to their biodiversity and ecological functionalities. dashtenaz wildlife refuge, sari, is a sylvan region, covering 55 ha of rangeland with abundant diversity, is refuge of an endangered species of deer called dama mesopotamica. in this study, contingent valuation method (cvm...

value of tourism and recreation are direct values of the forest ecosystem and parks, which include the use of parks and forest for recreation, leisure, hiking, and aesthetic. in this study, hasht behesht park recreational value and willingness to pay (wtp) is defined and measured by using contingent valuation method (cv) and double-bounded dichotomous choice (ddc). for measuring the willingness...

Many languages have verbal stems like hug and marry whose intransitive realization is interpreted as reciprocal. Previous semantic analyses of such reciprocal intransitives rely on the assumption symmetric participation. Thus, 'Sam Julia hugged' assumed to entail both hugged Julia' 'Julia Sam'. In this paper we report experimental results that go against assumption. It shown although participat...

nowadays, along with the development of human communities, wildlife has been faced with serious issues even to the estent of a threatening extinction,therefore the role of natural ecosystem preservation for the needed conservartion of wildlife is of crucial importance. estimation of payment willingness is an apparopriate method for an assessment of an individual's interest in wildlife cons...

Recently, natural resources economists have turned to valuation and appraisal of the contribution of natural resources to human’s welfare and they have made striking progress in valuing the environmental and ecological services of eco-systems. The present study investigated people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for participation in preservation and reclamation of Abuzeidabad desert area through con...

pages 151–160, Dublin, Ireland, August 23-29 2014. A Probabilistic Model for Learning Multi-Prototype Word Embeddings Fei Tian†, Hanjun Dai∗, Jiang Bian‡, Bin Gao‡, Rui Zhang?, Enhong Chen†, Tie-Yan Liu‡ †University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R.China ∗Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China ‡Microsoft Research, Building 2, No. 5 Danling Street, Beijing, P.R.China ?Sun Yat-Sen Un...