Radiotherapy currently uses ionizing radiations to destroy DNA of the cancer cells. These cells lose their capacities to reproduce, leading to cellular death and the tumors destruction. The increased incidence of cancer, easier access to new technologies and the failure of chemotherapy to provide a long-term local control, leads to the necessity to find new technologies to treat this disease. B...

Two chargeand current neutral plasma beams are modelled with a one-dimensional PIC simulation. The beams are uniform and unbounded. The relative speed between both beams is 0.4c. One beam is composed of electrons and protons and one out of protons and negatively charged oxygen (dust). All species have the temperature 9 keV. A Buneman instability develops between the electrons of the first beam ...

NA61/SHINE is a multi-purpose experimental facility to study hadron production in hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Measurements motivated by physics of strong interactions, neutrinos and cosmic rays have been performed up to now. The first physics data with secondary hadron (protons, pions and kaons) beams were recorded in 2009 a...

Secondary reactions induced by relativistic beams in inverse kinematics in a thick target are relevant in several fields of experimental physics and technology, like secondary radioactive beams, production of exotic nuclei close to the proton drip line, and cross-section measurements for applications of spallation reactions for energy production and incineration of nuclear wastes. A general mat...

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is carrying out a spin physics program colliding transverse or longitudinal polarized proton beams at √ s = 200−500GeV to gain a deeper insight into the spin structure and dynamics of the proton. These studies provide fundamental tests of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). One of the main object...

Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) implies the electromagnetic spatial control of well-circumscribed "pencil beams" of protons of variable energy and intensity. Proton pencil beams take advantage of the charged-particle Bragg peak-the characteristic peak of dose at the end of range-combined with the modulation of pencil beam variables to create target-local modulations in dose that achie...

In the clinic, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of 1.1 has usually been used in relation to the whole depth of the spread-out Bragg-peak (SOBP) of proton beams. The aim of this study was to confirm the actual biological effect in the SOBP at the very distal end of clinical proton beams using an in vitro cell system. A human salivary gland tumor cell line, HSG, was irradiated wi...

The first patients were treated with proton beams in 1955 at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California. In 1970, proton beams began to be used in research facilities to treat cancer patients using fractionated treatment regimens. It was not until 1990 that proton treatments were carried out in hospital-based facilities using technology and techniques that were comparable to those for moder...

In the last two years, there has been substantial progress in superconducting accelerator technology both in long term operation at many facilities as well as in high gradients at many laboratories. These rapid advances have made RF superconductivity an enabling technology for a variety of new applications. In high energy physics, low frequency (200 – 400 MHz) cavities are envisioned to acceler...