BACKGROUND Antiretrovirals (ARVs) are recommended for maternal health and to reduce HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission, but suboptimal adherence can counteract its benefits. OBJECTIVES To describe antepartum and postpartum adherence to ARV regimens and factors associated with adherence. METHODS We assessed adherence rates among subjects enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Proto...

BACKGROUND The effects of radiation on the skin are particularly troublesome for patients and can result in impaired quality of life and an inability to perform activities of daily living. Skin care during radiation therapy is needed to prevent and treat radiation dermatitis. Patient adherence to prescribed skin care protocols is paramount to an optimal outcome but not always monitored closely....

Objective. To determine if adherence as measured by pill count would show a significant association with serum-based measures of adherence. Methods. Data were obtained from a prenatal vitamin D supplementation trial where subjects were stratified by race and randomized into three dosing groups: 400 (control), 2000, or 4000 IU vitamin D(3)/day. One measurement of adherence was obtained via pill ...

Adherence is still an important issue considering new advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) treatment, as automatic positive airway pressure (APAP). The aim of the present study was to identify and explore relationships between identified predictors of adherence, over time. After overnight sleep study and OSA diagnosis and during a six-month APAP treatment period, a total of 153 patients un...

Tong Shu 1,*, Xiaoqin Gao 1, Shou Chen 1, Shouyang Wang 1,2, Kin Keung Lai 3,4 and Lu Gan 5 1 Business School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (S.W.) 2 Academy of Mathematics and System Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3 International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 7...

BACKGROUND Implementation fidelity refers to the extent to which a proposed intervention is enacted as designed and is necessary to determine how much the intervention in question is the primary mechanism in any changes observed. Start2quit was a randomised controlled trial that aimed to improve attendance at the English Stop Smoking Service (SSS). The complex intervention combining computer-ta...

In a distributed multiagent negotiation involving multiple issues, it is often desirable to finalize deals only when all related issues are resolved. We present a quiescence detection protocol based on the DijkstraScholten algorithm for distributed termination detection. The protocol operates as a layer on top of an underlying mediated negotiation protocol. If agents conform to the detection pr...

INTRODUCTION Increasingly, there is a need for health authority scale up of successfully piloted differentiated models of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery. However, there is a paucity of evidence on system-wide outcomes after scale-up. In the Cape Town health district, stable adult patients were referred to adherence clubs (ACs) - a group model of ART delivery with five visits per year. By...

Assessing per-protocol treatment effcacy on a time-to-event endpoint is a common objective of randomized clinical trials. The typical analysis uses the same method employed for the intention-to-treat analysis (e.g., standard survival analysis) applied to the subgroup meeting protocol adherence criteria. However, due to potential post-randomization selection bias, this analysis may mislead about...