OBJECTIVE To assess the relations between breast feeding and infant illness in the first two years of life with particular reference to gastrointestinal disease. DESIGN Prospective observational study of mothers and babies followed up for 24 months after birth. SETTING Community setting in Dundee. PATIENTS 750 pairs of mothers and infants, 76 of whom were excluded because the babies were ...

This research studied the protective effect of New Fuzheng Chuyi Granule (NFCG) on the lung tissue of mice with acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) and its mechanisms. A mouse model of AURI was established by intranasal instillation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and high-dose (5.28 g/kg), medium-dose (2.64 g/kg) and low-dose (1.23 g/kg) of NFCG were intragastrically given to the mice,...

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin and an abundant polyphenol in green tea. Although several papers have evaluated EGCG as a cosmetic constituent, the skin hydration effect of EGCG is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EGCG promotes skin hydration by measuring hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) and hyaluronidase (HYAL) gene expression and antioxidant and an...

Nerve agents are among the most dangereous chemical warfare agents (3, 29, 40, 45). They can be (and have been) misused by terrorists (4, 31). Moreover, the whole spectrum of these agents of the same basic chemical structure covers organophosphorus insecticides (OP) – chemicals easily available, frequently used over the world and causing professional, suicidal or accidental intoxications (4). A...

During the last decades due to the development of new immunosuppressive agents and improvements in organ preservation methods, surgical techniques, and postoperative care, organ transplantation has become an ultimate therapeutic option for irreversible organ failure. Early graft survival has significantly improved; however, the long-term outcome remains unsatisfactory. Multiple factors, both im...

BACKGROUND Topiramate (TPM) decreases tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress. We investigated protective effects of TPM on cell damage in kidney tissue during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage. METHODS A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, I/R, and I/R plus TPM (I/R+TPM). Laparotomy without I/R injury was performed in control group. A...

BACKGROUND Salep is used for various purposes in food industries and traditional medicine. Therefore, evaluation of its effect on the liver seems to be necessary. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess salep effect on liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, various concentrations of Salep were intraperitoneally administered to five groups of Wistar rats (control, pl...

background: adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of new generation vaccines, especially those based on recombinant proteins. despite immunostimulatory properties, the use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an adjuvant has been hampered due to its toxicity and pyrogenicity. brucella abortus lps is less toxic and has no pyrogenic properties compared to lps from other gram negat...

This study tests the specific hypothesis that the 9R/9R genotype in the VNTR of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) exerts a general protective effect against a spectrum of risky behaviors in comparison to the 10R/9R and 10R/10R genotypes, drawing on three-time repeated measures of risky behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood on about 822 non-Hispanic white males from the Add Health stud...

1. Gaffney TE, Sigell LT, Mohammed S, Atkinson AJ: The clinical pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs. Prog Cardiovas Dis 12: 52, 1969 2. Oates JA, Mitchell JR, Feagin OT, Kaufmann JS, Shand DG: Distribution of guanidinium antihypertensives mechanism of their selective action. Ann NY Acad Sci 197: 302, 1971 3. Nickerson M, Ruedy J: Antihypertensive agents and the drug therapy of hypertension. ...