We used competitive thromboxane A2-prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade (SQ 30,741) as a probe to evaluate the role of thromboxane in ovine pulmonary vasoconstriction associated with protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation. Control heparin-protamine reactions induced rapid release of thromboxane into arterial plasma (more than 1 ng/ml plasma), a 2.5-fold increase of pulmonary arte...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reversal of anticoagulation with protamine might predispose to a higher risk of stroke in patients with carotid stenting. We evaluated a national, multihospital patient database to examine the risk of stroke in patients with carotid stenting receiving protamine compared with those who did not. METHODS The Premier Perspective database was used to identify patients who we...

Protamine is a polycationic peptide found in the nuclei of sperm of different animal species. While it has long been known to have antimicrobial properties, its mode of action has remained elusive. We have investigated the mechanism of action of protamine and established that this peptide exerts its antibacterial effect without causing cell lysis or permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane....

Guideline on the management of bleeding in patients on antithrombotic agents. Definitions for the quality of the evidence (A-C) and strength of recommendation (strong [grade 1], weak [grade 2]) are given at the end of the "Major Recommendations" field. Stopping an UFH infusion and general haemostatic measures are often sufficient to stop or prevent bleeding (2C). Protamine sulphate (1 mg per 80...

Purified preparations of a protamine protein kinase from bovine kidney cytosol [Damuni, Amick & Sneed (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 6412-6416] were inactivated after incubation with near-homogeneous preparations of protein phosphatase 2A1 and protein phosphatase 2A2. These protein phosphatase 2A-mediated inactivations of the protamine kinase were unaffected by highly purified preparations of inhib...

Protamine sulphate/DNA complexes have been shown to protect DNA from DNase digestion in a lipid system for gene transfer. A DNA-based vaccine complexed to protamine sulphate was used to induce an immune response against Schistosoma mansoni anchored-glycosylphosphatidylinositol tegumental antigen in BALB/c mice. The protection elicited ranged from 33 to 44%. The spectrum of the elicited immune r...

The shortcomings of standard protamine zinc insulin when used alone in a single daily injection for the treatment of so-called "severe" diabetes are well known (1-4). Post-prandial glycosuria, nocturnal hypoglycemia, or both, are common and are directly attributed to its slow, gradual but variable rate of absorption from the subcutaneous depot (5). Consequently, increasing attention has been di...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Protamine is routinely administered following cardiopulmonary bypass in order to neutralize the effects of heparin. An excess of protamine can contribute to coagulopathy, hence predisposing to bleeding with associated morbidity and mortality. Thromboelastography (TEG) is recognized as an invaluable bedside tool to detect coagulation parameters; however, the effects of p...

Large multimolecular complexes of heparin with positively charged proteins such as platelet factor 4 (PF4) or protamine can initiate immune responses associated with heparin use in patients, including the most significant adverse event, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Current evidence suggests that platelet-activating antibodies that recognize large multi-molecular complexes (300-700kDa...