In addition to therapeutic compounds, drug formulations routinelyalso contain excipients needed as co-solvents, preservatives, colorants, surfactantsand/or sweeteners. The majority of these excipients that have been used for many years, and are Generally Regarded As Safe, reflected in the ‘GRAS’ status [1,2]. Examples of excipients are lactose, aspartame, ethanol, propylene glycol, benzyl alcoh...

We compared the efficacies of two arthropod pitfall trapping techniques: live (dry) trapping and kill trapping with three killing agents (water, ethylene glycol, and the recently developed propylene glycol, whose efficacy has not been previously assessed). Kill pitfall traps caught more species than did live pitfalls. Forty-one species were collected only from kill traps (3 being unique to wate...

Short-term and subchronic vapor inhalation studies have shown that there are pronounced differences in the toxicological properties of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME). Overexposure to EGME has resulted in adverse effects on testes, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues in laboratory animals. PGME does not affect these tissues, and instead, overexp...

Organic-inorganic hybrid electrolyte membranes based on poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) complexed with LiClO4 via the co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate have been prepared and characterized. A variety of techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier tra...

An accurate mass determination method utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described for analysis of several different types of phosphoramidites that are extremely acid-sensitive compounds. An earlier method, which applied a LiCl/acetonitrile system, was extended for this special application by using polymeric standards including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene glyc...

Extended Hildebrand solubility approach is used to estimate the solubility of nabumetone in binary solvent systems. The solubility of nabumetone in various propylene glycol-water mixtures was analyzed in terms of solute-solvent interactions using a modified version of Hildebrand-Scatchard treatment for regular solutions. The solubility of nabumetone in the binary solvent, propylene glycol-water...

PURPOSE To study the effects of varying lipid concentrations, lipid and oil ratio, and the addition of propylene glycol and lecithin on the long-term physical stability of nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLC), skin hydration, and transepidermal water loss. METHODS The various NLC formulations (A1-A5) were prepared and their particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, and stability were analy...

AIMS To investigate the effect of RU486 (mifepristone) on emotional disorders in chronic restraint stress-induced rats and to explore the mechanisms of that phenomenon. METHODS For this purpose, 80 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal group (Con group, The Con group members received no treatment, eating and drinking freely), the chronic restraint...

School of Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil; Flow Citometry, and; Dermatology, Medical School of Marilia, Marilia, Brazil. Background: The prevalence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is high and its in vitro diagnostic is a challenge. The basophil activation test with determination by flow cytometry (FC), of the expression rate of CD63 molecules has been much studie...