Photonic band-gap (PBG) crystals offer new dimensions of freedom in controlling propagation of electromagnetic waves. The existence of stop-bands in the transmission characteristic of these crystals makes them a suitable element for the realization of many useful microwave and optical subsystems. In this paper, we calculate the propagation constant of a one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal by...

Constant propagation aims at identifying expressions that always yield a unique constant value at run-time. It is well-known that constant propagation is undecidable for programs working on integers even if guards are ignored as in non-deterministic flow graphs. We show that polynomial constants are decidable in non-deterministic flow graphs. In polynomial constant propagation, assignment state...

Systems for indoor positioning using radio technologies are largely studied due to their convenience and the market opportunities they offer. The positioning algorithms typically derive geographic coordinates from observed radio signals and hence good understanding of the indoor radio channel is required. In this paper we investigate several factors that affect signal propagation indoors for bo...

It is considered that the process of fatigue fracture could be arranged the three classes, i.e., crack initiation, crack propagation and fracture. Of these the second process is important from the following point of view. (1) As has so far been reported in many publications, the importance of crack propagation process in total fatigue life increases in proportion to the increase in the stress c...

An iterative solution to the problem of image deconvolution is presented. The previous image estimate is pre-filtered using a stabilizing function that is updated based on current error and noise estimates. Noise propagation from one iteration to the next is reduced by the use of a second, regularizing operator resulting in a hybrid iteration technique. Further, error terms are developed that s...

2D process and device simulators have been used to predict the performance of scaled MOSFETs spanning the 0.35m to 0.07m generations. Requirements for junction depth and channel doping are discussed. Constant-field scaling is assumed. MOSFET drive current remains nearly constant from one generation to the next and most of the performance improvement comes from the decreasing supply voltage. Gat...

In this paper, we consider Hybrid Mixed Networks (HMN) which are Hybrid Bayesian Networks that allow discrete deterministic information to be modeled explicitly in the form of constraints. We present two approximate inference algorithms for HMNs that integrate and adjust well known algorithmic principles such as Generalized Belief Propagation, Rao-Blackwellised Importance Sampling and Constrain...

This paper discusses the use of recently developed techniques and software in the numerical propagation of uncertainties in initial coordinates and/or parameters for initial value problems. We present an approach based on several validated numerical integration techniques but focusing on the propagation of boxes. The procedure uses a multivariable high order Taylor series development of the sol...

Mobile ad hoc (MANET) network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. To accomplish forwarding a packet to its destination, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between these nodes. This article presents a variety of results for packet-level simulations for the...