The study presents the stylistic of judicial petition appeal before Jordanian courts, based on terms and phrases used in appeals submitted by some lawyers to Court Cassation Appeal. In these appeals, there were inappropriate words that undermine court prestige respect, which violates applicable controls ethics addressing body. Based presented proven (real) examples, concluded abusive are wrong ...

Norms, that is, obligations, prohibitions and permissions, are useful abstractions to facilitate coordination in open, heterogeneous multi-agent systems. We observe a lack of distributed architectures and non-centralised computational models for norms. We propose a model, viz., normative structures, to regulate the behaviour of autonomous agents taking part in simultaneous and possibly related ...

Electronic contracts (e-contracts) create obligations, permissions, and prohibitions for the parties in the Internet. However, the support to interpret and enforce the clauses related to contracts is limited in current implementations. Besides, e-contracts must follow the continuous change of business rules. The service provider must make available the services that enable the parties to satisf...

The specification and monitoring of conditional obligations and prohibitions with starting points and deadlines is a crucial aspect in the design of open interaction systems. In this paper we regard such obligations and prohibitions as cases of social commitment, and propose to model them in OWL, the logical language recommended by the W3C for Semantic Web applications. In particular we propose...

In recent security architectures, it is possible that the security policy is not evaluated in a centralized way but requires negotiation between the subject who is requesting the access and the access controller. This negotiation is generally based on exchanging credentials between the parties so that the access controller can decide to accept or deny the requesting access. Previous proposals i...

The extent to which society utilises the law to enforce its moral judgments remains a dominant issue in this era of embryonic stem cell research, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and human reproductive cloning. Balancing the potential health benefits and diverse moral values of society can be a tremendous challenge. In this context, governments often adopt legislative bans and prohibitions an...

Despite the perceived success of educational campaigns and smoking bans in public places in China, the actual effects have not been investigated. This study examines the effects of the two policies by major characteristics of smokers and whether the affected smokers have intention to quit smoking. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 cities in China and 16,616 participants were selected...