The Internet has recently encouraged the society to convert almost all its needs to electronic resources such as e-libraries, e-cultures, e-entertainment as well as e-learning, which has become a radical idea to increase the effectiveness of learning services in most schools, colleges and universities. E-learning can not be completely featured and met without e-testing. However, in many cases e...

Verification activities mandated for critical software are essential to achieve the required level of confidence expected in life-critical or business-critical software. They are becoming increasingly costly as, over time, they require the development and maintenance of a large body of functional and robustness tests on larger and more complex applications. Formal program verification offers a ...

In software engineering, the notion of unit testing was successfully introduced and applied. Unit tests are easy manageable tests for small parts of a program – single units. They proved especially useful to capture unwanted changes and side effects during the maintenance of a program, and they grow with the evolution of the program. Ontologies behave quite differently than program units. As th...

Software maintainers are faced with the task of regression testing: retesting a program after a modiica-tion. The goal of regression testing is to ensure that bug xes and new functionality do not adversely aaect the correct functionality inherited from the original program. Regression testing often involves running a large program on a large number of test cases; thus, it can be expensive in te...