Although carp is still widely sold and used in its fresh form, a range of value additions may also be observed. It is essential to know the development and management of a carp farm production costs and their evolution. In Iran, warm-water fish farming is based on common, silver, grass, and bighead carps. The carp is easy to rise in hatcheries in very large numbers at little cost, and is distri...

the economic burden of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) is far greater than its direct medical costs. this study estimated annual indirect costs of the hiv/aids epidemic in islamic republic of iran in 2006-2007 from societal perspective. a patient cost diary in sets of six booklets covering a total of 6 months (from october 2006 and fallowed until march...

Achieving optimal production cycle time for improving manufacturing processes is one of the common problems in production planning. During recent years, different approaches have been developed for solving this problem, but most of them assume that mean quality characteristic is constant over production run length and sets it on customer’s target value. However, the process mean may drift from ...

Production planning and inventory control efforts are known as the driving engines of manufacturing systems. The manufacturers, competing to survive in these days’ competitive business environment, aim to satisfy customers’ needs. This requires a precise production plan throughout the supply chain. These days, because of the increasing costs of production and distribution, especially in the cem...

sulfuric acid production plants are one of the main sources of sulfur oxides, emission to the atmosphere. in the present study to control sulfur oxides of sulfuric acid plant two methods have been selected. the first method is desulfurization by ammoniac (plant a) and the second one is a combination of the first method and dry scrubbing process with calcium hydroxide as the absorbent material) ...

In this lecture we present a few key results in production planning with known time-varying requirements under convex or concave production costs. Convex production costs arise when we need to utilize increasingly more expensive resources to achieve higher levels of production. As an example, consider a factory with a regular workforce. If demand is beyond the capacity of the regular workforce,...