Modeling of large systems requires high level of expertise to properly identify and represent complex interrelationships between various elements. In addition to creation of a network of system’s elements and their relationships, very important contribution to understanding of its behavior we can get from human experts. Naturally, humans express their experience and beliefs descriptively, empha...

Researchers have long debated the mental representation of knowledge. The theories initially spawned by this debate were propositional theory, imagery theory, and dual-coding theory. Related research further suggests that knowledge encoding processes such as landmark-based and path-based learning may also affect these representations. Such theories form a basis from which cartographers can begi...

Geographic information is commonly disseminated and consumed via visual representations of features and their environmental context on maps. Map design inherently involves generalizing reality, and one method by which mapmakers do so is through the use of symbols to represent features. Here we focus on the challenges associated with supporting mapmakers who need to work together to reach consen...

The purpose of this study is to explore how concept map formation process carried out by individuals who are designated experts and novices. As a group of novice participants, 73 prospective teachers and 5 experts were participated to the study. Data collected by using open ended questionnaires, and retrospective review and eye tracking sessions. These data were used to explore the cognitive pr...

The Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) is a ubiquitous, flexible Bayesian nonparametric model. However, full probabilistic inference in this model is analytically intractable, so that computationally intensive techniques such as Gibb’s sampling are required. As a result, DPM-based methods, which have considerable potential, are restricted to applications in which computational resources and time f...

The construction industry has witnessed serious efforts in the last few years through the consideration of the adoption of new procurement systems and production/manufacturing philosophies. However, process maps which can help organisations map their processes into some meaningful structure are still lacking. The product (building) is still the main focus in construction. In the manufacturing i...

Cartographers’ main objective in map design is to create in the mind of a map reader (i.e. user) an abstraction of the real world appropriate to the map’s purpose. The final result depends, not only on the cartographers’, but also users’ skills and ways to perceive, as well as on the map usage situation. Interruptions during map reading process of mobile maps occur, when the conceptual models o...

Let ? be an open connected subset of the complex plane C and let T be a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space H. For ? in ? let e the orthogonal projection onto the null-space of T-?I . We discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions for the map ?? to b e continuous on ?. A generalized Gram- Schmidt process is also given.

this research was carried out based on systematic analysis approach for evaluation of ecological resources capability of kasilian representative catchment for agricultural land use. the study area is located in southern of mazandaran province. in this study we used topography digital data, paper maps, climatology data, satellite images and gis, database and spreadsheet software. the process of ...