Sedative and analgesic agents are frequently used for procedural sedation. Titration of anesthetic doses should be done cautiously and the patients should be continuously monitored. So far, an ideal intravenous anesthetic agent is none [1,2]. A combination of ketamine and propofol has several ideal anesthetic properties. Several clinical studies of the use of ketofol have been evaluated. To dat...

Implementing procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department is still is a challenge on an international scale. Here, we describe the Dutch setting of emergency medicine and explain the strategies that were successful for the implementation of safe and effective procedural sedation and analgesia by emergency physicians. We describe strategies on how to bridge the gap of knowledge ...

Doctors and nurses provide procedural sedation to children in a variety of settings-emergency, outpatients, and inpatient units. Procedure guidelines exist in both North American and Canadian Association of Anesthesiologists. Not all providers of procedural sedation adhere to these guidelines. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with the aim of finding evidence supporting pre-op...

Introduction: In Singapore, non-anaesthesiologists generally administer sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. The drugs used for in hospital endoscopy centres now include propofol addition to benzodiazepines and opiates. requirements peri-procedural monitoring discharge protocols have also evolved. There is a need develop an evidence-based clinical guideline on the safe effective use of b...

BACKGROUND The performance of safe and effective procedural sedation in the emergency centre has become a core competency in emergency medicine internationally. However, in South Africa clear guidelines are lacking and this guideline attempts to set out the standard for the routine safe use of procedural sedation by clinical staff in emergency centres. METHOD The Emergency Medicine Society of...

INTRODUCTION Procedural sedation refers to the technique of administering sedatives or dissociative agents with or without analgesics to induce an altered state of consciousness that allows the patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures while preserving cardiorespiratory function. Procedural sedation and analgesia is a core competency in emergency medicine and a daily part of emergency departmen...

BACKGROUND The use of procedural sedation outside the operating theatre has increased in hospital settings and has gained popularity among non-anesthesiologists. Sedative agents used for procedural pain, although effective, also pose significant risks to the patient if used incorrectly. There is currently no universally accepted program of education for practitioners using or introducing proced...

Background Studies have reported on the incidence of sedation-related adverse events (AEs), but little is known about their impact on health care costs and resource use. Methods Health care providers and payers in five countries were recruited for an online survey by independent administrators to ensure that investigators and respondents were blinded to each other. Surveys were conducted in t...

OBJECTIVES Emergency physicians (EPs) are beginning to use ultrasound (US) guidance to perform regional nerve blocks. The primary objective of this study was to compare length of stay (LOS) in patients randomized to US-guided interscalene block or procedural sedation to facilitate reduction of shoulder dislocation in the emergency department (ED). The secondary objectives were to compare one-on...