Homovanilic acid (HVA) was determined in the lumbar CSF of 12 patients with Huntington's disease and 12 with Sydenham's chorea before and after probenecid administration. The means of HVA concentration (basal and after probenecid) were lower in those with Huntington's disease than in controls, and were even lower in a sub-group characterised by increased tone and slowness of voluntary movement....

Biogenic amine metabolism in the central nervous system of 9 children with Tourette syndrome was evaluated by quantitation of their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method. Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) were measured in CSF before and after oral administration of pro...

In a double-blind comparative trial, 100 men with uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by beta-lactamase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae were treated with a single 0.25-g dose of ciprofloxacin administered orally or with 3.5 g of ampicillin plus 1.0 g of probenecid administered orally. Urethral infection was eradicated in all 49 men treated with ciprofloxacin and in 47 (92%) of 51 men treated with amp...

The purpose of these studies was to further elucidate the active mammary epithelial transport processes for the organic cation cimetidine and the organic anion nitrofurantoin and to determine which of the identified rat organic anion (rOATs) and organic cation (rOCTs) transporters may be responsible for transport of these drugs into milk. Milk-to-serum ratios (M/S) were predicted in vitro for n...

Each of 201 men with symptoms and signs of acute urethritis was randomly assigned to one of two treatment regimens: ampicillin (2g) plus probenecid (1g), or sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) (sulphamethoxazole 1600 mg plus trimethoprim 320 mg) four tablets twice daily for two days. Before treatment Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 162 patients, while coexistent Chlamydia trachomat...

Penicillin and its analogues have been, and still are, the drugs of choice in the treatment of gonorrhoea in most parts of the world. The United States Centre for Disease Control recommends, as first line single-dose treatment, the use of either aqueous procaine penicillin G (4.8 mega-units intramuscularly as a single-dose with oral probenecid 1 g by mouth) or ampicillin 3.5 g (or amoxycillin 3...

Between 25 December 1981 and 11 March 1982, 400 men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were randomly assigned to one of four treatment regimens: spectinomycin 2 g intramuscularly (group A); cefamandole 1 g intramuscularly after probenecid 1 g orally (group B); cefaclor 3 g orally with probenecid 1 g orally (group C); and cefaclor 3 g orally (group D). The cure rates were 91 of 92 (98.9%) ...

This study was performed to evaluate quantitatively the brain distribution and the efflux transport across the blood-brain barrier of probenecid, using in vivo microdialysis and in situ brain perfusion techniques. The brain interstitial fluid (ISF)-to-plasma cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma and brain tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios of probenecid at steady state were less than u...

The renal drug-drug interaction between famotidine (an H(2) receptor antagonist) and probenecid has not been reproduced in rats. We have proposed that this is caused by a species difference in the transport activity by human/rat organic anion transporter (OAT) 3 and the expression of organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 in the rodent kidney. Since monkey OATs (mkOATs) exhibit similar transport ac...