We present a symbolic reachability analysis approach for B that can provide a significant speedup over traditional explicit state model checking. The symbolic analysis is implemented by linking ProB to LTSmin, a high-performance language independent model checker. The link is achieved via LTSmin’s Pins interface, allowing ProB to benefit from LTSmin’s analysis algorithms, while only writing a f...

The gene encoding the secreted 53-kDa metalloprotease (protease B) and the 5' end of the gene encoding the secreted 55-kDa metalloprotease (protease C) of the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi have been sequenced. The predicted sequences of the two proteases do not have typical signal sequences at their NH2 termini. Both proteases are synthesized as inactive higher molecular weight p...

The effect of feeding a Lactobacillus-based probiotic on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subpopulations and subsequent protection against coccidiosis was investigated in broiler chickens. Day-old male broilers were fed standard rations without control (CONT) or with a commercial probiotic (PROB) Primalac. Differences in IEL subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry at 21 d post...

INTRODUCTION Infertility affects both women and men in all the countries. Infertility often has profound long-term or short-term impacts on the people involved and puts them at risk of familial and social pressures. According to WHO estimates, between 8% and 12% of all the couples worldwide experience some form of infertility during their reproductive life, i.e. 50‒80 million people are affecte...

Five key prob lems of kin ship net works are bound ed ness, cohe sion, size and cohe sive relink ing, types of rela tions and relink ing, and groups or roles. Approaches to solv ing these prob lems include for mats avail able for elec tronic stor age of genea logi cal data and rep re sen ta tions of gene alo gies using graphs. P-graphs rep re sent cou ples and uncou pled chil dren as ver ti ces...

The development of formal models is often a key step when developing safety or mission critical software. In this setting it is vital to formally check and validate these formal models. We present PROB, a toolset for formal models expressed in the B method, which was developed using constraint logic programming technology. PROB allows fully automatic animation of B models, and can be used to sy...

A natural way to estimate the probability density function of an unknown distribution from the sample of data points is to use histograms. The accuracy of the estimate depends on the size of the histogram’s bins. There exist heuristic rules for selecting the bin size. In this paper, we show that these rules indeed provide the optimal value of the bin size. 1 Formulation of the Problem Need to e...

Adriamycin (ADR) is an anthracycline glycoside with a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity against various tumors; however, its clinical use has been limited due to its cardiac and renal toxicity. Production of free radicals is involved in the development of ADR-induced toxicity. This study investigated the effect of pre-treatment with probucol (PROB, a hypolipidemic drug with a powerful anti...

We present a simulator for Timed CSP based on the tool ProB.

Notation Connection with Abstract DPMapping of a stationary policy μ: For any control function μ, with μ(x) ∈ U(x) forall x , and J ∈ E(X ) define the mapping Tμ : E(X ) 7→ E(X ) by(TμJ)(x) = E{g(x , μ(x),w) + αJ(f (x , μ(x),w))}, x ∈ XValue Iteration mapping: For any J ∈ E(X ) define the mapping T : E(X ) 7→ E(X )(TJ)(x) = infu∈U(x)E{...